招标相关知识和招标合同文件工程管理外文翻译

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1、大连海洋大学本科毕业设计外文翻译Biddingrelatedknowledgeanddocumentscomprisingthecontract1.PublicandprivatesectorsBiddingpracticesofthepublicandprivatesectorsoftheindustrydiffertremendously.Thetermpublicinthiscontextmeansthattheconstructionworkisfinancedbypublicfundsintheformoftaxdollarorthep

2、roceedsfromthesaleofmunicipal,state,orfederalbonds.Publicandprivateworkhavedifferentbidrules.Publicconstructioncontractsareadvertisedandletinaccordancewiththebiddingstatutesandotherlegislativelymandatedrulesoftheparticulargovernmentalentitythatispayingfortheinstructionwork.Fo

3、rinstance,whentheworkisfinancedwithfederalfunds,thelawsandregulationspromulgatedbyfederalagenciesandbodiesgoverntheprocessofadvertisingandawardingconstructioncontracts.Similarly,state,county,andmunicipalgovernmentshavestatutesandregulationsthatgovernwhentheirfundsareusedtopay

4、forthecostofthework.Inaddition,specialgovernmentalorquasi-governmentalbodiessuchassewerorrapidtransitdistrictsareoftenestablishedbyspecialenablinglegislation.Theenablinglegislationusuallyprovidesdefinitiverulesforadvertisingandawardingtheconstructioncontractsrequiredtocarryou

5、tthemissionoftheparticularspecialbodyinvolved.Unlikepublicowners,privateownerscanestablishwhateverrulesthattheywant.Theyalsocanchangetherulesatwillwiththeresultthattheserulesarenotnecessarilyobserved.Althoughthepublicownerhastheabilitytosetparticularrulesandtochangethembyissu

6、inganaddendumtothebiddingdocuments,thepowerisseverelyregulated.Abiddocumentaddendumisamodificationtothebiddingdocumentsformallyissuedbytheownertoallholdersofbiddingdocumentsbeforebidsarereceived.Inthepublicsector,theremustbeareasonabletimeperiodfromtheissuedateofthelastaddend

7、umissuedandthedateoftheopeningtoensurethatallbiddershavesufficienttimetoreflectproperlytheimportoftheaddendumintheirbids.Biddersarerequiredtolistonthebidformalladdendareceivedfortheirbidstobeconsideredresponsive.Failuretolistaddendamayresultinthebidbeingrejected.Intheprivates

8、ectoranythingcanhappen,whereasinthepublicsectortheresultwillusuallyb