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1、LanguageandSocietyChapter8ChrisWang,Fall2013Contents8.1Introduction/Leadin8.2LanguagevarietiesStandarddialectOthervarietiesoflanguagePidginandCreole8.3Bilingualismanddiglossia8.4Linguistictaboosandeuphemism8.5Focus1:blackEnglish8.6Focus2:languageandgenderLeadi
2、nPygmalionbyBernardShawRelatedmoviesPygmalion1938MyFairLady1964“Onceyouopenyourmouth,yourareplaced”.LanguageandnationalidentityTheLastLessonAnyimpressiononthefamousquotes?"Children,"hesaid,"thisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.AnorderhascomefromBerlinthat
3、nolanguagebutGermanmaybetaughtintheschoolsofAlsaceandLorraine.AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.TodayisyourlastlessoninFrench.Ibegyoutopayattention."Suddenlythechurchclockstrucktwelve.Themasterrosefromhischair."Myfriends,"saidhe,"myfriends,...I..
4、.I..." Butsomethingchokedhim;hecouldnotfinishthesentence.Hereturnedtotheblackboard,tookapieceofchalk,andwroteinlargeletters,"VIVELAFRANCE."1.ScopeofSociolinguitics1.1DefinitionofSociolinguisticsP110----asub-fieldoflinguiststhatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguage
5、andsociety,betweentheusesoflanguageandthesocialstructuresinwhichtheusersoflanguagelive.Q1:Howislanguagerelatedtosociety?Page110-111TherelatednessbetweenlanguageandsocietyLanguageisoftenusedtoestablishandmaintainsocialrelationships.Theuseoflanguageisinpartdeter
6、minedbytheuser’ssocialbackground.Andlanguageinreturn,revealsinformationaboutitsspeaker.Language,especiallythestructureofitslexicon,reflectsboththephysicalandthesocialenvironmentsofasociety.Asasocialphenomenonlanguageiscloselyrelatedtothestructureofthesocietyin
7、whichitisused,theevaluationofalinguisticformisentirelysocial(thepostvocalic[r]).1.2SpeechcommunityandspeechvarietySpeechcommunity:isagroupofpeoplewhoformacommunity,whichmayhaveasfewmembersasafamilyorasmanymembersasacountry,andsharethesamelanguageoraparticularv
8、arietyoflanguage.Thelinguisticmarkersthatcharacterizeindividualsocialgroupsmayserveassocialmarkersofgroupmembership.2.LanguagevarietiesLanguagechangesalongsocialchanges.Anyexample?
