language and society.doc

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1、8.LanguageandSociety8.1thescopeofsociolinguisticsLanguageisasocialfact.Sociolinguisticsisthesubdisciplineoflinguisticsthatstudieslanguageinsocialcontexts.Inviewoflanguageasaprimarymeansofcommunicationamongindividualspeakersofasociety,sociolinguistsareconcer

2、nedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunitiesincludingregional,ethnicandsocialgroups.Sociolinguistsarealsoconcernedwiththeimpactofextralinguisticfactorsonlanguageuse,suchasage,gender,profession,andsocialstatus.8.1

3、.1therelatednessbetweenlanguageandsociety1)socialfunctionoflanguage:Apartfromitsfunctionincommunication,languageisalsousedtoestablishandmaintainsocialrelationships;1)Languagerevealsthesocialbackgroundofthespeaker;2)Languagereflectsthephysicalandsocialenviro

4、nmentsofasociety3)varioussocialfactorsdeterminetheindividualspeaker’suseoflanguage8.1.2speechcommunityandspeechvarietyvariety/variationspeechcommunity:agroupofpeoplewhoformacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.Speechvariety(languag

5、evariety):anydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakeroragroupofspeakers.Varietiesoflanguagecanbeclassifiedinrespectoftheiruseranduse.Socialinguistsgenerallydistinguishregionaldialects,socialdialectsandregister.8.2varietiesoflanguage8.2.1dialectalvarietiesr

6、egionaldialect:linguisticvarietyusedbypeoplelivinginthesamegeographicalregion.(languagevarietyaccordingtotheuser)Althoughgeographicalbarriersarethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage,loyaltytoone’snativespeechandphysicalandpsychologicalresistancetochan

7、geareamongotherreasonsofsuchvariation.Linguisticvariationmayoccuratalllevelsoflanguage(phonological,lexical,morphological,syntactical,semantic),themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsaccent.Youdon’tknowwhatyou’retalkingabout(ScottishE

8、nglish:Yedinnaekenwhityerhaverin’about)/kœy13na:u22tso35jat5ts‘a:n53ŋο13/(语概6)sociolet(socialdialect):linguisiticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.(p.115).Unon-UHaveabathtakeabathBike,bicyc