Chapter 7 Language, Culture & Society

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1、1Language,Culture&Society2LanguageandCultureWhydoweconductthestudy?Languageisanindispensablecarrierofculture.Itisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.Studyingtherelationshipoflanguag

2、eandcultureinasocialsituationcouldprovidelearnersadifferentperspectivetothestudyoflanguageintermsofsomenewtendenciesanddevelopmentsinthefieldofsociolinguistics.32.2Howislanguagerelatedtoculture?Generally,therelationoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole,forlanguageis

3、partofculture.Theknowledgeandbeliefsthatconstituteapeople’sculturearehabituallyencodedandtransmittedinL.4Anthropologicalstudyoflinguistics:studyoflanguageinasocioculturalcontext.BronislawMalinowski(1884-1942):Themeaningofawordgreatlydependsuponitsoccurrenceinagivenco

4、ntext.Example:“wood”canmean:(i)solidsubstanceofatree(ii)acanoe(inthecultureofTrobriandIslands)特罗布里思群岛(位于新几内亚东南的小岛群,属巴布亚)5Firth’sContributionLeadingfigureinLondonSchool(伦敦学派)TheoryofContextofSituation(语境理论)A.Therelevantfeatureoftheparticipants(参与者),persons,personaliti

5、es（个性）i)theverbalaction（言语行为）oftheparticipantsii)thenon-verbalaction（非言语行为）oftheparticipantsB.therelevantobjects（相关的话题内容）C.theeffectsoftheverbalaction---See(Hu,2011:148)“whospeakswhattowhomandwhenandtowhatend”Firth6Sapir-WhorfHypothesisEdwardSapir(1884-1939)andBenjam

6、inLeeWhorf(1897-1941)Ourlanguagehelpsmouldourwayofthinkingand,consequently,differentlanguagesmayprobablyexpressspeakers’uniquewaysofunderstandingtheworld.7Linguisticdeterminism:Languagemaydetermineourthinkingpatterns.Inotherwords,languageanditsstructureslimitanddeter

7、minehumanknowledgeorthought.8Linguisticrelativity:differencesinthewaylanguagesencodeculturalandcognitivecategoriesaffectthewaypeoplethink,sothatspeakersofdifferentlanguageswilltendtothinkandbehavedifferentlydependingonthelanguagetheyuse.9TheSapir–Whorfhypothesisargue

8、sthatindividualsexperiencetheworldbasedonthegrammaticalstructurestheyhabituallyuse.Forexample,speakersofdifferentlanguagesmayseedif