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时间:2019-10-20
《Chapter 7 Language, Culture & Society》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、1Language,Culture&Society2LanguageandCultureWhydoweconductthestudy?Languageisanindispensablecarrierofculture.Itisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.Studyingtherelationshipoflanguag
2、eandcultureinasocialsituationcouldprovidelearnersadifferentperspectivetothestudyoflanguageintermsofsomenewtendenciesanddevelopmentsinthefieldofsociolinguistics.32.2Howislanguagerelatedtoculture?Generally,therelationoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole,forlanguageis
3、partofculture.Theknowledgeandbeliefsthatconstituteapeople’sculturearehabituallyencodedandtransmittedinL.4Anthropologicalstudyoflinguistics:studyoflanguageinasocioculturalcontext.BronislawMalinowski(1884-1942):Themeaningofawordgreatlydependsuponitsoccurrenceinagivenco
4、ntext.Example:“wood”canmean:(i)solidsubstanceofatree(ii)acanoe(inthecultureofTrobriandIslands)特罗布里思群岛(位于新几内亚东南的小岛群,属巴布亚)5Firth’sContributionLeadingfigureinLondonSchool(伦敦学派)TheoryofContextofSituation(语境理论)A.Therelevantfeatureoftheparticipants(参与者),persons,personaliti
5、es(个性)i)theverbalaction(言语行为)oftheparticipantsii)thenon-verbalaction(非言语行为)oftheparticipantsB.therelevantobjects(相关的话题内容)C.theeffectsoftheverbalaction---See(Hu,2011:148)“whospeakswhattowhomandwhenandtowhatend”Firth6Sapir-WhorfHypothesisEdwardSapir(1884-1939)andBenjam
6、inLeeWhorf(1897-1941)Ourlanguagehelpsmouldourwayofthinkingand,consequently,differentlanguagesmayprobablyexpressspeakers’uniquewaysofunderstandingtheworld.7Linguisticdeterminism:Languagemaydetermineourthinkingpatterns.Inotherwords,languageanditsstructureslimitanddeter
7、minehumanknowledgeorthought.8Linguisticrelativity:differencesinthewaylanguagesencodeculturalandcognitivecategoriesaffectthewaypeoplethink,sothatspeakersofdifferentlanguageswilltendtothinkandbehavedifferentlydependingonthelanguagetheyuse.9TheSapir–Whorfhypothesisargue
8、sthatindividualsexperiencetheworldbasedonthegrammaticalstructurestheyhabituallyuse.Forexample,speakersofdifferentlanguagesmayseedif
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