chapter 11 language acquisition 第二语言习得

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1、①Chapter11LanguageAcquisitionQuestionsfordiscussion:1.Whycanchildrenacquiretheirmothertongueeffectivelyandeffortlessly?2.Isthereacriticalperiodforlearningthefirstorsecondlanguage?3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenL1aquisitionandL2learning?11.1ImportantDistinctions11.1.1Acqui

2、sitionvs.learning习得与学习★ThedistinctionwasmadebyStephenKrashen(1982)aspartofhisMonitorTheory.Acquisitionisthesubconciousprocessof“pickup”alanguagethroughexposure.Learningreferstotheconsciousprocessofstudyingalanguage.11.1.2Secondlanguagevs.foreignlanguage★Asecondlanguag

3、e(L2)isanylanguagelearnedafterthefirstlanguageormothertongue(L1),e.g.EnglishinIndia.Aforeignlanguageisanylanguagelearnedforuseinanareawherethatlanguageisnotgenerallyspoken,e.g.EnglishinChina.11.1.3Languageacquisitionvs.secondlanguageacquisition(SLA)★Languageacquisition

4、usuallyreferstofirstlanguageacquisition,whichmeansthechildren’sacquisitionoftheirnative/motherlanguage.SLAistheprocessbywhichpeopleofalanguagecanlearnasecondlanguageinadditiontotheirnativelanguage.11.2FirstLanguageAcquisition11.2.1TheoriesofFLA(alsoChildLanguageAcquisit

5、ion)◆Behaviorism:Languagelearningissimplyamatterofimitationandhabitformation.Innatism:Humanbeingsarebiologicallyprogrammedforlanguage,likewalking.(LanguageAcquisitionDeviceandUniversalGrammar)Interactionism:Languagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenchildren

6、andtheenvironment,andthemodifiedlanguage(motherese/caretakertalk/childdirectedspeech保姆式语言)iscrucial.Questionsfordiscussion:1.Howdoyouthinkofthethreetheoriesaboutlanguageacquisition?①教材中没有关于languageacquisition的独立章节，这里本章内容部分来自课本第六、十一章，其他内容来自其他语言学书。49Chapter11LanguageAcquis

7、ition11.2.2StagesofCLA(p118)One-wordstage(birth--about18months)Duringthe1styear:Controlthespeechmuscles,sensitivetophoneticdistinctionsShortlybefirethefirstbirthday:undertandwordsAroundthefirstbirthday:starttoproducewords(objects,actions,routines)Two-wordstage(around18

8、months--)Vocabularyincreases,primitivesyntaxbegins,comprehendasentenceStageofthree-wordutterancesStrin