second language acquisition 二语习得

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1、Preface:Inthepast30–40years,thefieldofsecondlanguageacquisitionhasdevelopedintoanindependentandautonomousdiscipline,completewithitsownresearchagenda.Whatisparticularlynoteworthyaboutthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisitionisitsinterdisciplinarycharacter.Secondlanguageresearchisconcernedwit

2、hthegeneralquestion:Howaresecondlanguageslearned?Scholarsapproachthefieldfromawiderangeofbackgrounds:sociology,psychology,education,andlinguistics,tonameafew.Thishasbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonthefield.Theadvantageisthatthroughthemultiplicityofperspectives,weareabletoseearicherpic

3、tureofacquisition,apicturethatappearstobemorerepresentativeofthephenomenonofacquisitioninthatlearningasecondlanguageundoubtedlyinvolvesfactorsrelatingtosociology,psychology,education,andlinguistics.Ontheotherhand,multipleperspectivesonwhatpurportstobeasingledisciplinebringconfusion,be

4、causeitisfrequentlythecasethatscholarsapproachingsecondlanguageacquisitionfromdifferent(oftenopposingandseeminglyincompatible)frameworksarenotabletotalktooneanother.Thisissobecauseeachperspectivebringswithititsownwayofapproachingdataanditsownresearchmethodology.1INTRODUCTION1.1Thestud

5、yofsecondlanguageacquisitionWhatisthescopeofSLA?WhatdoesthestudyofSLAconsistof?Itisthestudyofhowsecondlanguagesarelearned.Inotherwords,itisthestudyoftheacquisitionofanon-primarylanguage;thatis,theacquisitionofalanguagebeyondthenativelanguage.Itisthestudyofhowlearnerscreateanewlanguage

6、systemwithonlylimitedexposuretoasecondlanguage.Itisthestudyofwhatislearnedofasecondlanguageandwhatisnotlearned;itisthestudyofwhymostsecondlanguagelearnersdonotachievethesamedegreeofknowledgeandproficiencyinasecondlanguageastheydointheirnativelanguage;itisalsothestudyofwhyonlysomelearn

7、ersappeartoachievenative-likeproficiencyinmorethanonelanguage.Additionally,secondlanguageacquisitionisconcernedwiththenatureofthehypotheses(whetherconsciousorunconscious)thatlearnerscomeupwithregardingtherulesofthesecondlanguage.Secondlanguageacquisitionisnotaboutpedagogyunlessthepeda

8、gogya