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1、2009年2月外国语文Feb.,2009第25卷第1期ForeignLanguageandLiteratureVol.25No.1语法隐喻与汉语词典自指义项的设立①———一项基于语料库的研究王仁强(四川外语学院评建办公室,重庆400031)提要:不少汉语语法和词典学方面的研究恪守“词义不变,词类不变”和“兼类尽可能少”的原则,对于动词、形容词名化②后的自指义项基本不予认可。文章指出,自指用法其实是一种语法隐喻;尽管语法隐喻中变化的主要是语法意义或词类,但词汇意义并非完全没有改变;汉语词典(尤其是对外汉语学习词典)应该根据语料库用法模式调查所发现的规律性自指用法设立自指义项;人为减少
2、兼类的做法掩盖了语言事实,尤其不利于对外汉语学习者用户生成语法正确的汉语。汉语词典不设立自指义项在理论上难以自圆其说,在实践中往往矛盾迭出。因此,汉语词典设立自指义项不仅有客观的科学依据,而且还有很强的应用价值。关键词:名化;语法隐喻;自指义项;汉语词典;语料库中图分类号:H31411文献标识码:A文章编号:(2009)01-0100-09GrammaticalMetaphorandtheEntryofSelf2designationSensesintoChineseDictionaries:ACorpus2basedStudyWANGRen2qiangAbstract:Regul
3、arself2designationusagesfromChineseverbsandadjectivesarenotreadilyrecognizedasindependentsen2sesbymanyChinesegrammariansandlexicographersalike,whohavelongabidedbytheso2calledprinciplesof“nochangeinwordmeaning,nochangeinpartofspeech”and“fewestpossiblelexemeswithmorethanonepartofspeech”.Thispa2p
4、erarguesthatself2designationasakindofnominalizationisakindofgrammaticalmetaphor,whichdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthereisnochangeinmeaningsincegrammaticalmetaphorinvolvesthereconstrualofourexperience,thatregularself2designationusagesfoundinabalancedChinesecorpusshouldenterintoChinesedictionariesa
5、sindependentsenses,especiallyintothosedictionariesforforeignlearnersofChinese,andthatartificiallyreducingthenumberoflexemeswithmorethanonepartofspeechconcealsthelinguisticrealities,whichislikelytoresultinforeignlearnersproducinggram2maticallyunacceptableChinesesentences.Theomissionofself2desig
6、nationsensesinChinesedictionariesisinvalidintheo2ry,whichresultsincontradictorylexicographicalpractice.Thus,theentryofself2designationsensesintoChinesedictiona2rieshasnotonlyanobjectivescientificbasisbutalsogreatapplicationvalue.Keywords:nominalization;grammaticalmetaphor;self2designationsense
7、s;Chinesedictionaries;corpus武,1994,1996;郭锐,1999,2002;邢福义,2003;王海1.引言峰,2004)。其中,转指相当于语法转喻(沈家煊,汉语词典中的自指义项指为规律性的自指用1999;王冬梅,2004;王海峰,2004;王仁强,2006),而法所设立的义项,它与汉语语法研究中的名化密切自指则相当于语法隐喻(王仁强,2006)。动词、形相关。邢福义(2003)和莫彭玲(2004)指出,名化是容词名化后的转指用法不仅涉及词
