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1、TheEMBOJournalvol.15no.8pp.2020-2028,1996Nucleocapsid-independentassemblyofcoronavirus-likeparticlesbyco-expressionofviralenvelopeproteingenesHarryVennemal,Gert-JanGodeke,thatmediatebindingto,andfusionwith,theacceptorJohnW.A.Rossen,WimF.Voorhout2,membrane.Envelopeproteins
2、arealsoinvolvedintheMarianC.Horzinek,Dirk-JanE.Opstelten3formationoftheparticleandinmaintainingitsintegrity.andPeterJ.M.RottierTheprocessofviralenvelopeformationisnotwellunderstood.AvailableevidencepointstoacrucialroleDepartmentofInfectiousDiseasesandImmunology,Divisionof
3、playedbytheviralnucleocapsid(NC).Inretroviruses,itVirology,Yalelaan1,3584CLUtrecht,POBox80.165,3508TDisallthatisrequired,asthegagcoreparticlecandirectUtrechtand2DepartmentofFunctionalMorphology,FacultyofitsenvelopmentwithouttheneedforenvelopeproteinsVeterinaryMedicine,Utr
4、echtUniversity,Utrecht.TheNetherlands(Delchambreetal.,1989;Gheysenetal.,1989;Karacostas3Presentaddress:CenterforBiotechnology,KarolinskaInstitute,etal.,1989).CapsidsoftogavirusesarenotsufficienttoNovum,14157Huddinge,Swedendrivetheirownbudding.Here,theviralmembraneproteins
5、'Correspondingauthorareindispensable,andvirionassemblyinvolvesdirectinteractionsbetweenthemandtheNC(Suomalainenetal.,Buddingofenvelopedviruseshasbeenshowntobe1992;Hobmanetal.,1994;Lopezetal.,1994;Qiuetal.,drivenbyinteractionsbetweenanucleocapsidanda1994;Zhaoetal.,1994).Pr
6、obably,theicosahedralcapsidproteolipidmembrane.Bycontrast,weheredescribeactsasascaffoldresponsibleforthecurvatureofthetheassemblyofviralenvelopesindependentofaenvelope.Viralmembraneproteinsareinsomecasesnucleocapsid.Membraneparticlescontainingcorona-secretedintheabsenceof
7、corecomponents.ExpressionviralenvelopeproteinswereassembledinandreleasedofthehepatitisBvirussurfaceantigen,forinstance,leadsfromanimalcellsco-expressingtheseproteins'genestotheassemblyandreleaseofsubviralparticles(Patzerfromtransfectedplasmids.Ofthethreeviralmem-etal.,198
8、6;Simonetal.,1988;BrussandGanem,1991),braneproteinsonlytwowererequiredforparticlewhich,however,a
