高级英语写作-修辞.ppt

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1、RhetoricalDevicesMajorSimileMetaphorPersonificationSynecdocheMetonymyMinorAnalogyRhetoricalQuestionsAlliterationAntithesisClimaxEuphemismHyperboleIronyOxymoronWhat’saSimile?Similescomparetwodissimilarobjects,concepts,etc.,inordertosuggestanunexpectedlikenessbetweenthetwo.Similescanoftenbedistingu

2、ishedbythepresenceofoneoftwocodewords,“like”and“as”.ForExample…TwoDissimilarSubjectsBlanketSnowSimileTime!Ifwewishtomakeacomparisonbetweenthewayablanketcoversabedandthewaythesnowcoverstheground,weshoulduseasimile.Howcanweuseasimiletocomparethetwo?TheFinishedProduct!Thesnowislikeathickblanketonthe

3、ground.Noticethekeypresenceof“like”.MoreExamplesWhenyoucompareanountoanoun,thesimileisusuallyintroducedbylike:Aftersuchlongexposuretothedirectsun,theleavesofthehouseplantlookedlikepiecesofovercookedbacon.Thesoulinthebodyislikeabirdinacage.Whenaverborphraseiscomparedtoaverborphrase,asisused:Theyre

4、mainedconstantlyattentivetotheirgoal,asasunfloweralwaysturnsandstaysfocusedonthesun.MetaphorsMetaphorcomparestwodifferentthingsbyspeakingofoneintermsoftheother.Metaphorassertsthatonethingisanotherthing,notjustthatoneislikeanother.Veryfrequentlyametaphorisinvokedbythetobeverb.ForExample…“Thesnowis

5、ablanketontheearth.”Isthesnowactuallyablanket?No!However,theimagetheequationcreatesisavividlydescriptiveone–andvividimagesareexcellent!DirectionAneasywaytorememberthedifferencebetweensimilesandmetaphorsistodeterminewhetherthewriteristryingtobedirect.“Thesnowisablanket”isdirect;thecomparisonin“the

6、snowislikeablanket”isbydefinitionmoreabstractthantheequation.Metaphors:MoreExamplesYoureyeisthelampofyourbody;whenyoureyeissound,yourwholebodyisfulloflight;butwhenitisnotsound,yourbodyisfullofdarkness.--LukeThemindisbutabarrensoil;asoilwhichissoonexhaustedandwillproducenocrop,oronlyone,unlessitbe

7、continuallyfertilizedandenrichedwithforeignmatter.--JoshuaReynoldsPersonificationPersonificationinvolvesgivingthequalitiesofanimalsorpersonstoinanimateobjects–toanimatethenonliving.Onceagain,figurativelanguageisusedtob