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1、Chapter6LogisticsEngineeringUnit1IntroductiontoLogisticsDefinitionofLogisticsTherearemanydifferentdefinitionsforlogisticsindifferentcountriesandperiods,andtheyhavealwayschangedwiththedevelopmentofsociety.Somedefinitionsaretypical.TheCouncilofLogisticsManagementdefinedthelogistic
2、sin1992astheprocessofplanning,implementing,andcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofconformingtocustomerrequirements.AndthedefinitionfromtheMITCenterforTransportation&Logisticsisth
3、atlogisticsinvolves“managingtheflowofitems,information,cashandideasthroughthecoordinationofsupplychainprocessesandthroughthestrategicadditionofplace,periodandpatternvalues.”Inpractice,theterms“logistics”and“supplychainmanagement”arenowusedinterchangeably.ActuallylogisticsandtheS
4、upplyChainareequivalentterms,sotheInstituteofLogistics(1998)gavethefollowingdefinitions:“Logisticsisthetimerelatedpositioningofresourceorthestrategicmanagementofthetotalsupplychain.Thesupplychainisasequenceofeventsintendedtosatisfyacustomer.Itcanincludeprocurement,manufacture,di
5、stribution,andwastedisposal,togetherwithassociatedtransport,storageandinformationtechnology1.”Insomedevelopedcountries,theproductivityhadrisenandthetotalquantitiesofproductsbecamesaturationintheearly1990s,alsothereweremanyproductswhichcannotbedistributedbecauseofthecompetition.I
6、twasdifficulttodevelopthetechniqueaswell.Peoplehadtofindanewwaytosolvetheproblems.Theyintendtoexpandthemarketandreducethecostthroughtheimprovementofdistribution.Itwastheinitialconceptoflogistics.TheearliestconceptoflogisticscamefromArchW.Shaw’s«SomeProblemsinMarketDistribution»(
7、1915).Theycalledit“PhysicalDistribution”(PD)atthattime.Thedefinitionfocusedmainlyonthedistribution.Inthelate1980speoplehavealreadyhadageneralanddeepcomprehensionaboutlogistics.PDasadefinitioncouldnotcharacterizethewholeframeoflogistics.Thelogisticsincludednotonlythephysicaldistr
8、ibutionbutalsoproductionlogistics,returnedlogis
