工业工程专业英语 教学课件 作者 周跃进 任秉银Chapter 9.ppt

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1、Chapter9ManagementInformationSystemsManagershavealwaysusedinformationtoperformtheirtasks,sothesubjectofmanagementinformationisnothingnew.Whatisnewistheeasewithwhichaccurateandcurrentinformationcanbeobtainedandcommunicated.Theinnovationthatmakesthiscapab

2、ilitypossibleiscomputers.ThefirstapplicationofcomputersasaninformationsystemwascalledtheManagementInformationSystem(MIS).Unit1IntroductiontoManagementInformationSystemsDefinitionofManagementInformationSystemsManagementinformationsystemscanbedefinedasaco

3、mbinationofcomputersandpeoplethatareusedtoprovideinformationtoaidmakingdecisionsandmanagingafirm.Themanagementinformationsystem(MIS)isoneofthemajorcomputer-basedinformationsystems.Itspurposeistomeetthegeneralinformationneedsofallthemanagersinthefirmorin

4、someorganizationalsubdivisionofthefirm.TheMISprovidesinformationtousersintheformofreportsandoutputsfromsimulationsbymathematicalmodels.Thereportandmodeloutputcanbeprovidedinatabularorgraphicform.EssentialComponentsofMISNamely,therearethreeessentialcompo

5、nentsfortheMIS.Theyaremanagement,informationandsystems.What’smanagement?Traditionally,theterm"management"referstotheactivities(andoftenthegroupofpeople)involvedinthefourgeneralfunctions:planning,organizing,leadingandcontrollingoflimitedresources.Managem

6、entisthecreativeproblemsolving.Thiscreativeproblemsolvingisaccomplishedthroughfourfunctionsofmanagement.Theintendedresultistheuseofanorganization'sresourcesinawaythataccomplishesitsmissionandobjectives.Notethatthefourfunctionsrecurthroughouttheorganizat

7、ionandarehighlyintegrated.Organizingisdividedintoorganizingandstaffingsothattheimportanceofstaffinginsmallbusinessesreceivesemphasisalongsideorganizing.Inthemanagementliterature,directingandleadingareusedinterchangeably.[40]Planningistheongoingprocessof

8、developingthebusiness’missionandobjectivesandofdetermininghowtheywillbeaccomplished.Planningalsoincludesthebroadestviewoftheorganization,e.g.,itsmission,andthenarrowest,e.g.,atacticforaccomplishingaspecificgoal.Organizingistoesta