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1、Chapter12ScientificLiteratureTranslationThearchitectureofscientificliteratureadvocatespreciseness,accurateconcepts,stronglogic,concisestyleofwriting,outstandingemphases,neatandlesschangeablesentencetype.Prefixstatementsareusedfrequently,thatis,themaininformationisputforwarda
2、sfarasitcould.Andmaininformationistransferredthroughthesubject.Inaword,thearchitecturefeaturesofscientificliteratureare:clear,accurate,concise,andtight.ArchitectureFeaturesofScientificLiteratureGrammarFeaturesofScientificLiteratureScientificliteratureisacarrierofscienceandte
3、chnology.Itisusedtopresentthenatureofscienceandtechnologyobjectively.Itrequiresrigorlogicanditshouldspecifytheviewpointsofauthorsobjectively.Thusthepresenttense,indicativemood,modalverbssuchasCanandMay,thepassivevoice,postmodifiersareusedofteninscientificliterature.Theuseofp
4、resenttenseinscientificliteratureScientificliteratureusesmorepresenttenseandtheindicativemoodoftheverbtoshowgeneralnarrationwithtimeliness,namelynarratethefactorthetruth.Objectivelytostatedefinition,theorem,equation,formulaandchart,etc.Forexample:(1)Therotationoftheearthonit
5、sownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight.地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜的变化。(2)AIDSisspreadbydirectinfectionofthebloodstreamwithbodyfluidsthatcontaintheAIDSvirus.艾滋病传播是由血液和带有艾滋病病毒的体液直接感染引起的。Theuseofmodalverb(3)Forceisavectorwhichhasbothmagnitudeanddirection.力是一种向量,它既有大小又有方向。(4)Hookelawstatesthatth
6、estraindevelopedisdirectlyproportionaltothestressproducingit.胡克定律表明,应变与引起应变的应力成正比。InScientificliterature,theusingfrequencyofmodalverbs“can”and“may”isalittlehighercomparedwithothers.Thisisbecausethesetwomodalverbscanbeusedforexpressingobjectivepossibility,whileothersstressmor
7、eonsubjectivity.(1)Anyonewithapersonalcomputer,amodemandthenecessarysoftwaretolinkcomputersovertelephonelinescansignon.任何人只要有一台个人电脑,再有一个调制解调器和必要的软件,就可以把电脑连接到电话线上,然后就能申请上网。(2)Themoderndigitalcomputerisanelectronicmachinethatcanperformmathematicalorlogicalcalculationsanddatapr
8、ocessingfunctionsinaccordancewithapredeterminedprogramofinstructions.数字计算机是