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1、DirectMethodGroupmembers:秦丹凤罗茜尚宇杨琨蔡凤梅1.BriefintroductionofDirectMethod(1)Definition:TheDirectMethodisamethodofforeignorsecondlanguageteachingwhichinsiststhatonlythetargetlanguageshouldbeusedinclass,andmeaningsshouldbecommunicated“directly”byassociatingspeechformswit
2、hactions,objects,mime,gestures,andsituations.(2)Emphasis:theimportanceofspokenlanguage,thereforeholdsthatreadingandwritingshouldbetaughtonlyafterspeaking.Anditalsobelievesinthenaturalprocessoflanguagelearningandintheinductiveteachingofgrammar.(3)Riseanddecline:Thism
3、ethodcameaboutasamuchneededreplacementforthegrammar-translationmethod(classicmethod)inthelate1800s.Itfadedintheearly1900sasitwasnotpracticalinclassroomsettings,andthensawacomebackunderthenameofthe audio-lingualmethodafterWorldWarII.2.Historicalandsocialbackground2.H
4、istoricalandsocialbackground2.1Necessity:Inthelate19thcentury,withthedevelopmentofcapitalism,allEuropeancountriesincreasedcommunicationwitheachother.Itgaverisetoasocialneedfororalproficiency.However,Grammar-TranslationMethodcouldnotmeettheneed.Thus,languageteachingi
5、nnovationswereinevitable.TheDirectMethod,asareactionagainsttheGrammar-TranslationMethod,emergesasaresultoftheinnovations.2.2Possibility:Therapiddevelopmentoflinguistics,psychologyandeducationprovidedthetheoreticalbasisfortheestablishmentoftheDirectMethod.Someimporta
6、ntresearchersandtheirbasicideasW.M.Wundtlaidthepsychologicalfoundation.Heclaimedthatfeeling,notthought,playedthemainroleinlanguagepsychology,soconceptsandstimulusshouldtakefeelingintoaccount,whichhadgreatinfluenceontheDirectMethod.HermannPaulformedthemainlinguisticb
7、ase.Heproposedthegreatimportanceof‘analogy”inlanguage,whichledtotheprinciplesofimitationandrepetitionoftheDirectMethod.J.A.Comenius‘sidea①educationshouldbeinlinewithnature,whichjustifiedtheviewsonlanguageteachingwiththeDirectMethod.②His“direct”principle,theprinciple
8、sof“fromconcretetoabstract,fromneartofar,fromknowntounknown,fromsimpletocomplex,fromfacttoconclusion”areputintopracticeintheDirectMethod.F
