英语教学法 直接法 direct method.ppt

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1、Background1.Inthelate19thcentury,withthedevelopmentofcapitalism,allEuropeancountriesincreasinglycommunicatedwitheachother.Itcreatedademandfororalproficiencyinforeignlanguages.2.Therapiddevelopmentoflinguistics,psychologyandeducation.3.AndtheGrammarTr

2、anslationMethodcouldnotmeettheneed.TheReformMovementhasbegan.TheInternationalPhoneticAssociationwasfoundedanditsInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)wasdesigned.4.Thebestknownreformerinthemid-19thcenturywasaFrenchmannamedE.Gouin.Hedevelopedanapproachtot

3、eachingaforeignlanguagebasedonhisobservationsofchildren’suseoflanguage.5.WilhelmViёtor,aGermanyscholarLanguageTeachingMustStartAfreshSpeechpatternsInHenrySweet’sbookThePracticalStudyofLanguages(1899),hesetforthprinciplesforthedevelopmentofteachingmet

4、hod,whichsystematicallydiscussedaboutTheDirectMethod.ItwasestablishedinGermanyandFranceitthelate1800sandcontrastswiththe GrammarTranslationMethodandothertraditionalapproaches.ItbecamewidelyknowninAmericathroughitsusebySauveurandBerlitzinsuccessfulcom

5、merciallanguageschool.Itfadedintheearly1900s.Principles1.Classroominstructionwasconductedexclusivelyinthetargetlanguage.2.Onlyeverydayvocabularyandsentencesweretaught.3.Oralcommunicationskillswerebuiltupinacarefullygradedprogressionorganizedaroundque

6、stion-and-answerexchangesbetweenteachersandstudentsinsmall,intensiveclasses.4.Grammarwastaughtinductively.5.Newteachingpointswereintroducedorally.6.Concretevocabularywastaughtthroughdemonstration,objects,andpictures;abstractvocabularywastaughtbyassoc

7、iationofideas.7.Bothspeechandlisteningcomprehensionweretaught.8.Correctpronunciationandgrammarwereemphasized.Mainactivities1.Directassociation(newlanguageitems)2.Question and answer exercise.(asking questions in target language and having students an

8、swer in full sentences)3.Errorcorrection(studentsareallowedtocorrecttheirmistakesbytheteacherorthemselves.)4.Inductiveteachingofgrammar5.Conversationpractice(studentsareencouragedtoaskeachotherquestionsusingthesamegrammaticalstructuretheyhavepractice