国外心理学史2课件15.ppt

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1、HistoryofPsychologyChapter15CognitivePsychology&Psychologyinthe21stCenturyCognitiveMovementinPsychologyThefoundingofcognitivepsychology1.nosinglefounder2.Theirpositioninoppositiontothebehavioristandcouldnotorwouldnotgiveadefinitionforwhattheywerereallydoingorsupporting.3.twoscholarscontributedgr

2、oundbreakingworka.GeorgeMillerb.UlricNeisserII.GeorgeMiller(1920-)A.Hislife1.majoredinspeechandEnglish2.asagraduatestudent,taught16sectionsofintroductorypsychology3.1941:master’sinspeechfromU.ofAlabamaGeorgeMiller(1920-)4.1946:Ph.D.fromHarvard,beganstudyingpsycholinguistics5.1951:LanguageandComm

3、unication6.behaviorisma.Milleraccepteditastheprimaryschool(hadnochoice)GeorgeMiller(1920-)B.TheCenterforCognitiveStudies1.purpose:toinvestigatethehumanmind2.definedbywhatitwasnotinbehaviorism3.cognitivepsychologyisareturntocommonsensepsychology4.widerangeoftopicsofinterestUlricNeisser(1928-)A.Hi

4、slife1.borninKiel,Germany;movedtotheU.S.atage32.atHarvard:aphysicsmajor,switchedtopsychology3.influencedbyMiller,andKoffka’sPrinciplesofGestaltPsychology(1935)UlricNeisser(1928-)4.1950:bachelor’sfromHarvard5.master’satSwarthmorewithKöhler6.1956:Ph.D.fromHarvard7.behaviorist(hehadnochoice)UlricNe

5、isser(1928-)8.firstpositionatBrandeis,withMaslowasdepartmentheada.opportunitytopursuehisinterestincognitivepsychologyb.claimedcognitivepsychologyistheThirdForce9.1967:CognitivePsychologya.apersonalbook,anattempttodefinethekindofpsychologisthewantedtobe.b.thisbookwasalandmarkinthehistoryofpsychol

6、ogyUlricNeisser(1928-)10.1976:CognitionandRealitya.dissatisfiedwith1)thenarrowingofthecognitiveposition2)therelianceonartificiallaboratorysituationsfordatainsteadofreal-worldsettingsb.concluded:cognitivepsychologyhadlittletocontributetounderstandinghowpeoplecope11.becameanoutspokencriticandchall

7、engingthemovement.III.Psychologyinthe21centuryA.CognitiveNeuroscienceStudy:howbrainfunctionsgiverisetomentalactivityandtocorrelatespecificaspectsofinformationprocessingwithspecificbrainregions.EEG(Electroencephalogram)MRI(Ma