国外心理学史2课件.ppt

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1、HistoryofPsychologyChapter10Behaviorism:TheBeginningsI.JohnB.Watson(1878-1958)A.Watson’slife1.Rebelpersonality2.Mother:wisheshimtobeaministerFather:drankheavilyJohnB.Watson(1878-1958)3.1900:U.ofChicagoa.studiedphilosophywithDeweyb.attractedtopsychologythroughworkwit

2、hAngellc.studiedbiologyandphysiologywithLoebd.1903:youngestPh.D.fromChicago(athisageof25)JohnB.Watson(1878-1958)4.Dissertationon“neurologicalandpsychologicalmaturationofthewhiterat”5.1903-1908:facultyatU.ofChicago6.1908:toJohnHopkinsU.a.1909:chairofthepsychologydepa

3、rtmentb.1909:editorofPsychologicalReviewJohnB.Watson(1878-1958)7.1913:publishedhisarticleonthePsychologicalReview;Behaviorismwasofficiallylaunched8.1914:book:Behavior:AnIntroductiontoComparativePsychologya.arguedforacceptanceofanimalpsychologyb.describedadvantagesof

4、animalsubjectsJohnB.Watson(1878-1958)9.1919:PsychologyfromtheStandpointofaBehaviorista.arguedmethodsandprinciplesofanimalresearchappropriateforstudyofhumans10.1920:forcedtoresignfromJohnsHopkinsJohnB.Watson(1878-1958)11.secondcareer:appliedpsychologyinadvertisinga.m

5、echanisticviewofhumans:Consumers’behaviorcouldbepredictedandcontrolledb.proposedexperimental(lab)studyofconsumerbehavior12.publicityforpsychologyinthepopularmediaJohnB.Watson(1878-1958)13.1925:Behaviorism14.1928:PsychologicalCareoftheInfantandChilda.focusonenvironme

6、ntalfactorsb.recommendedperfectobjectivityinchild-rearingpracticesc.hadthegreatestimpactofallhisworkJohnB.Watson(1878-1958)15.1935:hiswifedied;hemovedtoafarmhouse16.burnedallofhispaperspriortohisdeathII.TheReactiontoWatson’sProgramA.Hismajorpoints1.Psychologyisthesc

7、ienceofbehavior2.apurelyobjectiveexperimentalnaturalscience3.bothanimalandhumanbehaviorarestudiedII.TheReactiontoWatson’sProgramA.Hismajorpoints4.discardallmentalisticconcepts&usedonlybehaviorconcepts(e.g.,stimulus&response)5.Goalofpsychology:predictionandcontrolofb

8、ehaviorTheReactiontoWatson’sProgramB.Initialreactions1.behaviorismwasnotembraced2.his1919bookprovidedthemovement’simpactC.Calkins:adheredt