国外心理学史2hock6ppt课件

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1、THEONE;THEMANY…Individualismandcollectivism:Cross-culturalperspectivesonself-ingrouprelationshipsTriandis,et.AlLeahBrown,ElizabethFlockhart,DeniseRye,CelesteSmith,AmySturmBackground“Behaviorneveroccursinavacuum”(211)ExamplesPersonalspaceFriendshipParentin

2、gstylesFamilydynamicsBackgroundTheory:Individualism-CollectivismModelUsedtoexplainlargeamountsofvariationseeninhumanbehavior,socialinteraction,andpersonalityExplaindifferencesinpeopleand/orgroupsHow?CollectivistCultures:individualneeds,desires,etc.aresecon

3、darytothoseofthegroup(Asia)IndividualisticCultures:Highervalueontheneedsandaccomplishmentsoftheindividualratherthanthegroup(UnitedStates)MethodThreestudiesSelf-reportquestionnairesHypotheticalvignettesStudy#1300Psych.UndergradsfromUofChicago158itemquestion

4、nairemeasuringtendencytowardcollectivismvs.individualisticbeliefsandbehaviorsFivescenarios-hypotheticalsocialsituationsFindings50%ofvariationinresponsesexplainedbythreefactorsSelf-relianceCompetitionDistancefromin-groups14%explainedby“concernforingroup”The

5、reismoreconcernforanindividual’sownselfthanforthegroupStudy#291studentsfromU.ofChicago97PuertoRicanstudents150Japanesestudents106olderJapaneseindividualsStudy#2144itemquestionnairemeasuringcollectivistcharacteristicsItemsfromquestionnaireshowpreviousstudie

6、sdealwiththreecollectivist-relatedtendenciesConcernforin-groupClosenessofselftoin-groupSubordinationofowngoalstoin-groupgoalsFindingsJapanesestudentsmoreconcernedwithopinionsoffriendsandcoworkersinrelationtoU.ofChicago.NorelationbetweenPuertoRicanstudentsa

7、ndothersJapanesestudentsfoundlessconformitythanChicagostudentsbecauseofWesternizingEvidencethatthishaschanged:the106olderJapaneseindividualsshowedmoreconformityWarningsforStudy#2“Conclusionsaboutcollectivistandindividualisticculturesshouldn’tbeoverlysweepi

8、ngandmustbecarefullyappliedtoselective,specificbehaviors,situations,andcultures”(216)Study#3AttempttorestrictandsharpenresearchfocusExtendingpreviousfindings72items,100subjectsComparisonbetweenU.ofChicagoandU