国外心理学史2课件hock6

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1、THEONE;THEMANY…Individualismandcollectivism:Cross-culturalperspectivesonself-ingrouprelationshipsTriandis,et.AlLeahBrown,ElizabethFlockhart,DeniseRye,CelesteSmith,AmySturmBackground“Behaviorneveroccursinavacuum”(211)ExamplesPersonalspaceFriendshipParentingstylesFamilydynamicsBackgroundTheor

2、y:Individualism-CollectivismModelUsedtoexplainlargeamountsofvariationseeninhumanbehavior,socialinteraction,andpersonalityExplaindifferencesinpeopleand/orgroupsHow?CollectivistCultures:individualneeds,desires,etc.aresecondarytothoseofthegroup(Asia)IndividualisticCultures:Highervalueontheneeds

3、andaccomplishmentsoftheindividualratherthanthegroup(UnitedStates)MethodThreestudiesSelf-reportquestionnairesHypotheticalvignettesStudy#1300Psych.UndergradsfromUofChicago158itemquestionnairemeasuringtendencytowardcollectivismvs.individualisticbeliefsandbehaviorsFivescenarios-hypotheticalsocia

4、lsituationsFindings50%ofvariationinresponsesexplainedbythreefactorsSelf-relianceCompetitionDistancefromin-groups14%explainedby“concernforingroup”Thereismoreconcernforanindividual’sownselfthanforthegroupStudy#291studentsfromU.ofChicago97PuertoRicanstudents150Japanesestudents106olderJapanesein

5、dividualsStudy#2144itemquestionnairemeasuringcollectivistcharacteristicsItemsfromquestionnaireshowpreviousstudiesdealwiththreecollectivist-relatedtendenciesConcernforin-groupClosenessofselftoin-groupSubordinationofowngoalstoin-groupgoalsFindingsJapanesestudentsmoreconcernedwithopinionsoffrie

6、ndsandcoworkersinrelationtoU.ofChicago.NorelationbetweenPuertoRicanstudentsandothersJapanesestudentsfoundlessconformitythanChicagostudentsbecauseofWesternizingEvidencethatthishaschanged:the106olderJapaneseindividualsshowedmoreconformityWarningsforStudy#2“Conclusionsaboutcollectivistandindivi

7、dualisticculturesshouldn’tbeoverlysweepingandmustbecarefullyappliedtoselective,specificbehaviors,situations,andcultures”(216)Study#3AttempttorestrictandsharpenresearchfocusExtendingpreviousfindings72items,100subjectsComparisonbetweenU.ofChicagoandU