国外心理学史1课件1

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1、HistoryandSystemsofPsychologyLecture1EDPS7080August24,2010Instructor:RobertHillAwarenessSurveyWhattwoindividualsembodythefieldofpsychologyThinkofamajordiscoverycanbeattributedtothefieldofpsychology?Howhasitshapedsocietyasawhole?Whatisthegreatest“good”tha

2、tcanbeattributedtopsychology?Whatisthegreatest“harm”thatcanbeattributedtopsychology?Wouldtheworldbeadifferentplaceifthefieldofpsychologydidnotexist?AnswersProminentPsychologistsMajorDiscovery?Greatest“good”Greatest“harm”Wouldtheworldbedifferent?LectureOu

3、tlineTheTraditionalViewTheroleofPhilosophySocrates,Plato,AristotleAdvancesinScienceSearchforOrderAdvancesinMedicineUnderstandingourselves/searchforcuresThenon-traditionalviewTheroleofreligionNon-WesterninfluencesTheHumanistPhilosophersSocratesPlatoAristo

4、tleSocrates(469-399BC)ThegreatobserverandskepticTheunexaminedlifeisnotworthlivingWhatistruth?ThereisaprocessorapathwaytotruthInvolvesunbiasedobservationTheteacheruncoversdormanttruth(assistsstudentsinuncoveringtruth)Teachingisapartnershipbetweenthestuden

5、tandtheinstructorYoushouldchallengeallideas–“throughquestioning”SocratescreditedThe“researchquestion”fromthe“statementofaproblem”UsingquestionstosolveinterpersonalproblemsAntiphon:creditedwithsolvinggrief/sadnessusingtheSocraticdialoguePlato(427-347BC)Th

6、eunreliabilityofoursensesSensoryinformationismediatedbyrationalthoughtSensoryprecisionisimprovedthrough:measurementanddeductivereasoningThe“nativistic”approachtothehumanpsycheHeredityisthebasisforhumancharacteristicsintelligenceCancharacteristicsbemeasur

7、ed?Aristotle(385-322BC)Thefirstnaturalphilosopher/scientistStudentofPlatoFocusedonlogicalprooftouncoverknowledge(inductivereasoning)demonstratedthroughlogichowdifferentialweightswouldbeneededtobalancealeverdependingonthedistanceoftheweightfromthefulcrum.

8、Observedhisowncognitiveprocesses(thefirsttodescribe“introspection”)DescribedhumanmemoryMemoryresultsfromassociativeprocessesAssociationiswhatoccurstogetherintimeandspaceFrequencyandEaseSomeassociationsareeasiertorecallthan