英语语言学知识整理

《英语语言学知识整理》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、Chapter1Introduction语言学的定义：Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.问题：Howdoyouinterpretthefollowingdefinitionoflinguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage?→Itisascientificstudybecauseitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,c

2、onductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheoryoflanguagestructure.Whatthelinguisthastodo“first,then,but”:①toobserveandcollectlanguagefactsandgeneralizationsaremadeaboutthem.②toformulatesomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure.③tocheckthehypothesesthusformedrepeatedlyagainstt

3、heobservedfactstofullyprovetheirvalidity.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.(普通语言学)问题:Whatarethemajorbranchesoflinguistics?Whatdoeseachofthemstudy?→phonetics（语音学）→thestudyofsounds→phonology（音位学）→studyhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaning

4、→morphology（形态学）→studythewayinwhichsymbolsormorphemesarearrangedandcombinedtoformwords.→syntax（句法学）→thestudyofrulesofformingsentences→semantics（语义学）→thestudyofmeaning→pragmatics（语用学）→thecontextoflanguageuseSociolinguistics（社会语言学）：Thestudiesofallthesesocialaspectsoflan

5、guageanditsrelationwithsocietyformthecoreofthebranch.Psycholinguistics（语言心理学）：RelatethestudyoflanguagetopsychologyAppliedlinguistics（应用语言学）：Inanarrowsenseitreferstotheapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecon

6、dlanguages.Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics:①prescriptive（规定性）/descriptive（描写性）②synchronic（共时）/diachronic（历时）③speech（口语）/writing（书面语）④langue（语言）/parole（言语）（theSwisslinguistF.deSaussure——CourseinGeneralLinguistics）⑤competence（语言能力）/performance（语言应用）（theAmericanli

7、nguistN.Chomsky）⑥traditionalgrammar（传统语法）/modernlinguistics（现代语言学）23问题：inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?①linguisticsisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarisprescriptive.②modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.③mo

8、dernlinguisticsdoesnotforcelanguagesintoaLatin-basedframework.问题：Ismodernlinguisticsmainlysynchronicordiachronic?Why?Inmoder