英语语言学知识点整理.doc

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1、.★Haliday—childlanguage.Macrofunctions:ideational,interpersonal,textual.★whataremajorbranchesoflinguistics?whatdoeseachstudy?Phonetics----thestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage,it’sconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.Phonology---thestudyofsoundssystems—thein

2、ventoryofdistinctivesoundsthatoccurinalanguageandthepatternsintowhichtheyfall.Morphology---It’sabranchofagrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.Syntax-------it'sasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureofalanguage.Semantics

3、---It’ssimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaninginabstraction.Pragmatics---thestudyofmeaningincontextofwords.Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.Sociolinguistics—thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosociety.Psycholinguistics---thestudyoflanguagewit

4、hreferencetotheworkingofthemind.Appliedlinguistics---theapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning.Chapter2Phonology★threebranchesofphonetics:①Articulatory—describesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.②Auditory-–st

5、udiesthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,reachestheimportantconclusionthatphoneticidentityisonlyatheoreticalideal.③Acoustic-–studiesthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,thewaysoundtravelfromthespeakertothehearer.★OrgansofSpeech:Pharyngealcavity–咽腔Oralcavity–口腔greatestsourceof

6、modificationofairstreamfoundhereNasalcavity–鼻腔★Broadtranscription:Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithlettersymbolsonly.(leaf/l/)★Narrowtranscription:Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundwithletterssymbolsandthediacritics.(dark/l/~)★PhoneticsandPhonology区别:areconcernedwiththesameaspec

7、toflanguage-thespeechsounds.①Phonetics:itisinterestedinallthespeechsoundsusedinallhumanlanguages;phoneticfeaturestheypossess;howtheycanbeclassified,etc.②Phonology:itaimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommuni

8、cation.★rulesinPhonology:①Sequentialrules:Rulesthatgovernthecombinationofso