(版)新编英语语言学复习知识点整理.doc

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1、forget忘记forgotforgot/forgottenwind缠绕；上发条woundwoundcatch捕捉caughtcaughtquit放弃quit/quittedquit/quittedstand站立stoodstoodbleed流血bledbledstand站立stoodstoodblow吹blewblown第一单元Whatislinguistics?什么是语言学？Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlan

2、guage,butlanguagesingeneral.Thescopeoflinguistics语言学研究的范畴Phonetics语音学Phonology音系学Morphology形态学Syntax句法学Semantics语义学Pragmatics语用学Sociolinguistics社会语言学Psycholinguistics心理语言学Appliedlinguistics应用语言学Phonetics语音学：thestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunicationledtotheestablishme

3、ntofabranchoflinguisticscalledphoneticsPhonology音系学:aslinguistsbecameinterestedinhowsoundsputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunication,theydevelopedanotherbranchofstudyrelatedtosoundscalledphonology.Morphology形态学:thestudyofthewayinwhichthesesymbolsarearrangedformwordshascons

4、titutedthebranchofstudycalledmorphology.Syntax句法学:thecombinationofthesewordstoformpermissiblesentencesinlanguagesisgovernedbyrules,thestudyoftheserulesconstitutesamajorbranchoflinguisticsstudiesSemantics语义学:thestudyofmeaningwasgraduallydevelopedandbecameknownassemanticsPragmatic

5、s语用学:whenthestudyofmeaningisconducted,notinisolaion,butinthecontextofuse,itbecomesanotherbranchoflinguisticstudycalledpragmaticsSociolinguistics社会语言学:thestudyofallthesesocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyformthecoreofthebranchcalledsociolinguisticsPsycholinguistics心理

6、语言学:PsycholinguisticsrelatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychologyAppliedlinguistics应用语言学:findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesolutionofsuchpracticalproblemsastherecoveryofspeechability.thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasappliedlinguisticsOtherrelatedbranchsinclud

7、eanthropologicallinguistics,neurologicallinguistics,mathematicallinguistics,andcomputationallinguistics.Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics。人类学/神经语言学/数理语言学/计算语言学1.PrescriptivevsDescriptive规定性与描述性Descriptive：alinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Pres

8、criptive:itaimslaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior