英语语言学概论--整理

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1、Chapter1Language语言1.Designfeature(识别特征)referstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.2.Productivity(能产性)referstotheabilitythatpeoplehaveinmakingandcomprehendingindefinitelylargequantitiesofsentencesintheirnativelanguage.3.arbitr

2、ariness(任意性)Arbitrarinessreferstothephenomenonthatthereisnomotivatedrelationshipbetweenalinguisticformanditsmeaning.4.symbol(符号)Symbolreferstosomethingsuchasanobject,word,orsoundthatrepresentssomethingelsebyassociationorconvention.5.discreteness(离散性)Discretenessreferstothepheno

3、menonthatthesoundsinalanguagearemeaningfullydistinct.6.displacement(不受时空限制的特性)Displacementreferstothefactthathumanlanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutthingsthatarenotintheimmediatesituationsofitsusers.7.dualityofstructure(结构二重性)Theorganizationoflanguageintotwolevels,oneofsounds,theothe

4、rofmeaning,isknownasdualityofstructure.8.culturetransmission(文化传播)Culturetransmissionreferstothefactthatlanguageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinheritance.9.interchangeability(互换性)Interchangeabilitymeansthatanyhumanbeingcanbebothaprod

5、ucerandareceiverofmessages.1.★Whatislanguage?Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Thisdefinitionhascapturedthemainfeaturesoflanguage.First,languageisasystem.Second,languageisarbitraryinthesense.Thethirdfeatureoflanguageissymbolicnature.2.★Whatarethe

6、designfeaturesoflanguage?Languagehassevendesignfeaturesasfollowing:1)Productivity.2)Discreteness.3)Displacement4)Arbitrariness.5)Culturaltransmission6)Dualityofstructure.7)Interchangeability.3.Whydowesaylanguageisasystem?Becauseelementsoflanguagearecombinedaccordingtorules,ande

7、verylanguagecontainsasetofrules.Bysystem,therecurringpatternsorarrangementsortheparticularwaysordesignsinwhichalanguageoperates.Andthesounds,thewordsandthesentencesareusedinfixedpatternsthatspeakerofalanguagecanunderstandeachother.4.★(Functionoflanguage.)AccordingtoHalliday,wha

8、taretheinitialfunctionsofchildren’slanguage?Andwhatare