英汉对照分子生物学导论 Chapter 6 Translation

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1、Chapter6Translation/翻译Chapter6Translation/翻译6.1TheGeneticCode6.2MechanismofTranslationinProkaryotes6.3TranslationinEukaryotes6.4tRNAStructureandWobble6.5Experiments6.1遗传密码6.2原核生物翻译机理6.3真核生物翻译6.4tRNA结构与摇摆6.5实验研究6.1TheGeneticCode/遗传密码Translation:synthesisofaproteinusinganmRNAasthetemplate.Transcriptio

2、ntRNA:theconvertertRNA:theconverter4basesvs.20aminoacidsUCAGGlyAlaIleLeuMetPheTrpProValSerThrAsnGlnCysTyrAspGluArgHisLys1base→1aminoacidUCAGGlyAlaIleLeuMetPheTrpProValSerThrAsnGlnCysTyrAspGluArgHisLys2bases→1aminoacidUUUCUAUGGlyAlaIleLeuMetPheTrpProValSerThrAsnGlnCysTyrAspGluArgHisLysCUCCCACGAUACAAA

3、GGUGCGAGG3bases→1aminoacidThegeneticcode/遗传密码6.2MechanismofTranslationinProkaryotes原核生物翻译机理6.2.1Initiation/起始6.2.2Elongation/延伸6.2.3Termination/终止Compositionofprokaryoticribosome原核生物核糖体的组成6.2.1Initiation/起始IF-1DissociationIF-3NoreassociationSeparationof30Sand50SsubunitsSDsequence:thetranslationstar

4、tsignal16SrRNA3’endThe30sinitiationcomplex30S起始复合体Thecollectionofthe30Ssubunit,themRNA,andtheinitiatortRNAiscalledthe30Sinitiationcomplex.TheinitiatortRNAThe70SinitiationcomplexThe70Sribosome6.2.2Elongation/延伸1)tRNAentering2)Peptidyltransfer3)Translocation4)tRNAleaving1)tRNAentering/tRNA进入2)Peptidyl

5、transfer/肽基转移3)Translocation/移位4)tRNAleaving/tRNA离开Elongationfactors/延伸因子Weaver,MolecularBiology,Chapter18Elongationfactors/延伸因子Weaver,MolecularBiology,Chapter186.2.3Termination/终止Translationterminateswhenribosomereachesastopcodon,becausethereisnotRNAbeingabletobindtothestopcodon.NowshowingTranslati

6、on:thethreestepsFile:biophoto7IntroductiontoGeneticAnalysisTranslation:thethreestepsoftranslation(5’)6.3TranslationinEukaryotes真核生物翻译Compositionofeukaryoticribosome真核生物核糖体的组成DifferencesinTranslationInitiation翻译起始的不同点InitiatortRNA/其始tRNAThescanningmodel/扫描模型1)InitiatortRNA/其始tRNACAUAAnticodonfMet-t

7、RNAfMetFormylMetACC5’ACAGCA*AlkylatedadenosineAnticodonMet-tRNAMetMetACC5’AGCGCAG----引自：Turner,P.C.etal.《分子生物学精要速览》（影印版），科学出版社，1999，p.249CAUProkaryoticinitiatortRNAEukaryoticinitiatortRNAProkaryoticin