英汉对照分子生物学导论 Chapter 2 Nucleic acids

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1、Nucleicacids:theinformationcarrierInformationformakingproteinsisstoredinnucleicacids.ProteinsNucleicacids(mainlyDNA)Chapter2Nucleicacids2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterial2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure2.3DNAastheGeneticMaterial2.4DNAintheCell2.5RNA(RibonucleicAci

2、d)2.6Experiments2.1遗传物质的性质2.2核酸与DNA结构2.3DNA作为遗传物质2.4细胞中的DNA2.5RNA（核糖核酸）2.6实验研究2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterialItmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins.Itmustbestable.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange.Itmustbeabletobecopied.它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息。它必须是稳定的。它必须具

3、有容忍变化的能力。它必须能够被复制。Itmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins1．它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息Itmustbestable/2．它必须是稳定的Lizard:1,000,000B.C.Lizard:2008A.D.Nochange!Itmustbestable/它必须是稳定的Age:15Age:45Age:75Nochange!Nochange!3.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange3．它必须具有容忍变化的能力

4、Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange它必须具有容忍变化的能力MUTAtiOnItmustbeabletobecopied4．它必须能够被复制2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure2.2核酸与DNA结构2.2.1Nucleotides/2.2.1核苷酸Nucleotidesarecomposedofthreeparts:1)anitrogenousbase,2)asugar,and3)atriphosphate.N-glycosidicbond1)Nitrogenou

5、sbase/含氮碱基2)Sugar/糖Nooxygenhere!Ribonucleotidesanddeoxyribonucleotides核糖核苷酸与脱氧核糖核苷酸3)Triphosphate/三磷酸2.2.2GeneralStructureofNucleicAcids2.2.2核酸的一般结构deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)ribonucleicacid(RNA)Phosphodiesterbond/磷酸二酯键Threeprimeendandfiveprimeend三一撇末端与五一撇末端Sug

6、ar-phosphatebackbone/糖-磷酸骨架NegativechargesNucleosome/核小体Chapter72.2.3StructureofDNA/2.2.3DNA的结构Double-strandedDNAHydrogenbondsBasepair/碱基对ComplementarybasepairsAntiparallelDNAstrands反向平行的DNA链TheDNAdoubleHelix/DNA双螺旋MinorgrooveMajorgroove2nanometers1turn=10bas

7、es=3.4nanometersBasestackingDenaturationofDNA/DNA变性LightabsorbancebyDNADNA对光的吸收λ=260nmλ=260nmssDNAdsDNANowshowingMacromolecules–NucleicAcidsFile:biophoto7LifeMacromoleculs–NucleicAcids(3’)2.3DNAastheGeneticMaterial2.3DNA作为遗传物质StoreinformationStableAllowmuta

8、tionEasyreplication1.Storinginformation/保存信息2.Stability/稳定性2)Covalentbondsareverystrong4)Doublehelix3)Manyhydrogenbonds1)Basesareprotected3.Allowingmutation/允许突变Chapter9Allowingmutation/允