资源描述：
《英汉翻译 Chapter 2 The Criteria of Translation.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter2TheCriteriaofTranslationWhatisthefunctionoftranslationcriteria?Aplumb-lineformeasuringtheprofessionalleveloftranslation;Agoalsetfortranslatorstostriveafter.2Thethree-characterprincipleproposedbyYanfuinhistranslationofEvolution,EthicsandOtherEssays信:faithfulness达:expressiveness雅:
2、elegance严复《天演论》公派到英国留学，先入普茨毛斯大学，后转到格林威治海军学院译文简练，首倡“信、达、雅”的译文标准1912年严复受袁世凯命担任北大校长之职Intranslation,therearethreedifficultiestoovercome,namely,faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance.Itisalreadyverydifficulttoachievefaithfulness.Withoutexpressiveness,merefaithfulnesswouldmeanworktonoavail.译文
3、取明深义，故词句之间，时有所颠倒附益，不斤斤于字比句次，而意义则不倍本文。Thetranslationmustexpresstheprofoundmeaningoftheoriginal.Asforthewordorderandthatofsentencesintheoriginal,thereisnoneedtosticktothem.Hemaymakesomechangeswherenecessary.Butinmeaning,thetranslationmustconformtotheoriginal.《易经》曰：“修辞立诚”。子曰：“辞达而已”。又曰：“言之无
4、文，行而不远”。三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信，已大难矣。顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也。TheBookofChangesaysthatfaithfulnessisthefirstthinginwording.Confuciusstatedthatwhatspeechrequiresisonlyexpressiveness.Andagainhesaidthatlanguagewithoutliterarygracecannotgofarandwide.Alltheserequirementsmentionedaboveareindispensa
5、blebothtowritingandtotranslating.Itmaybesafelyassumedthat,twothousandyearsago,beforeCeasarsetfootinsouthernBritain,thewholecountrysidevisiblefromwindowsoftheroominwhichIwrite,wasinwhatiscalled“thestateofnature”.赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野。槛外诸境，历历如在几下。乃悬想两千年前，当罗马大将恺彻未到时，此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧，人工未施。2.刘
6、重德：信于内容(faithfulness)达如其份(expressiveness切合文体（closeness)3.傅雷:重神似而不重形似Resemblanceinspiritratherthanform以效果而论,翻译应该像临画一样,所求不在形似,而在神似.以实际工作而论,比临画更难.Amongaveragerespectablewomanenvyplaysanextraordinarylargepart.Ifyouaresittingintheundergroundandawell-dressedwomanhappenstowalkalongthecar,watch
7、theeyesoftheotherwomen.Youwillseethateveryoneofthem,withthepossibleexceptionofthosewhoareevenbetterdressed,willwatchthewomanwithmalevolentglances,andwillbestrugglingtodrawinferencesasderogatorytoher.在一般善良妇女身上，嫉妒具有非常大的作用。要是你在地道车内。有一个华丽的女子在车厢旁边走过时，你试图留神旁的女子的目光罢。她们之中，除了比那个女子穿着更美的以
