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1、外文翻译原文ProblemsandprospectsofsupermarketdevelopmentinChinaMaterialSource:www.emeraldinsight.comAuthor:Wing-ChunLoNotwithstandingthere-emergenceandgrowthofsupermarketsinChina,therewerestillproblemshinderingtheirdevelopment.Findingsofthisstudyshowedthatsomeproblemswhichh
2、adexistedinthepast,forinstancepoorrefrigerationandlesssatisfactorypackaging,hadbeenremediedtoalargeextent.Nevertheless,someproblemswhichexistedinthe1980sarestillevidenttoday.AccordingtotheCEOsandthegovernmentofficialsinterviewedduringthisstudy,themajorproblemsfacedbyl
3、ocalsupermarketoperatorswereasfollows.(1)KeencompetitionInordertohavea“quick”shareoftheboomingsupermarket/retailingbusiness,manyparticipantsrushedintothesupermarket/retailingscene(eventhoughsomeofthemwerenotwellequippedwiththerelevantsupermarket/retailingtechnologyore
4、xpertise).Whilecompetitionhadnotbeenmentionedinpaststudies,supermarketoperatorsgenerallyfeltthatcompetitionhadbecomeamajorissue.Tothelocalsupermarketsthemajorcompetitioncamefromothersupermarkets,fromdepartmentstores,frombigmultinationalgiantssuchasWal-Mart,andfromothe
5、rtraditionalretailoutlets.ThecompetitionwassokeenthatoneCEOofalargelocalsupermarketchaincomplainedthathiscompetitorintentionallyopenedasupermarketnextdoor,accordingtohim,onlyforthesakeofcompetition.(2)LackofmanagementskillsandexpertiseThisissue,thelackofmanagementexpe
6、rtiseandtechnicalskillsinsupermarketoperations,existedinthe1980s(HoandLo,1987).Assupermarketsandretailingshopsofvarioustypesexpandedinnumbers,theyattractedstafffromtheexistingpoolofexpertisebuiltupinthisarea.TheentrepreneurialnatureoftheChinesecouldbethesourceofthecon
7、tinuedinsufficientsupplyofhumancapital.Someexecutives,afteracquiringsomeknowledgeandexpertiseinthefield,chosetoleavethecompanyfor“greenerturf”bysettingupsmallerscalesupermarketsoftheirown.Staffturnover,inonecase,wasashighas30percentinayear.Thismightexplainthelackofent
8、husiasmbymanagementtospendmoneyonstafftraining.Hence,therewasaseriousshortageofmanagerialmanpower,particularlyintheareasofca
