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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：RURALNON-FARMINCOMEINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES出处：Zhongguoshehuikexue,1999,no.2作者：TomReardon译文：INTRODUCTIONThetraditionalimageoffarmhouseholdsindevelopingcountrieshasbeenthattheyfocusalmostexclusivelyonfarmingandundertakelittleruralnon-farm(RNF)activity.1This
2、imagepersistsandiswidespreadeventoday.Policydebatestilltendstoequatefarmincomewithruralincomes,andrural/urbanrelationswithfarm/non-farmrelations.IndustryMinistrieshavethusfocusedonurbanindustryandMinistriesofAgricultureonfarming,andtherehasbeenatendencyevenamongagric
3、ulturistsandthoseinterestedinruraldevelopmenttoneglecttheRNFsector.Nevertheless,thereismountingevidencethatRNFincome(i.e.incomederivedinthissectorfromwage-payingactivitiesandself-employmentincommerce,manufacturingandotherservices)isanimportantresourceforfarmandotherr
4、uralhouseholds,includingthelandlesspooraswellasruraltownresidents.Althoughthissourceaccountsforonlypartoftotaloff-farmincome(whichalsoincludesfarmwagesandmigrationearnings),thischapterfocusesonRNFincomesoastoenableacloserexaminationofwhatcanbedonewithinruralareasthem
5、selvestoincreaseoveralleconomicactivityandemployment.ThereareseveralreasonswhythepromotionofRNFactivitycanbeofgreatinteresttodevelopingcountrypolicy-makers.First,theevidenceshowsthatRNFincomeisanimportantfactorinhouseholdeconomiesandthereforealsoinfoodsecurity,sincei
6、tallowsgreateraccesstofood.Thissourceofincomemayalsopreventrapidorexcessiveurbanizationaswellasnaturalresourcedegradationthroughoverexploitation.Second,inthefaceofcreditconstraints,RNFactivityaffectstheperformanceofagriculturebyprovidingfarmerswithcashtoinvestinprodu
7、ctivity-enhancinginputs.Furthermore,developmentofRNFactivityinthefoodsystem(includingagroprocessing,distributionandtheprovisionoffarminputs)mayincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyincreasingtheavailabilityofinputsandimprovingaccesstomarketoutlets.Inturn,betterperforman
8、ceofthefoodsystemincreasesruralincomesandlowersurbanfoodprices.Third,thenatureandperformanceofagriculture,themselvesaffectedbyagric
