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1、合作原则与课堂对话隋延亭CP:Makeyourconversationalcontributionsuchasisrequired,atthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeordirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhichyouareengaged.FourcategoriesTheQuantityMaximsTheQualityMaximsTheRelationMaximTheMannerMaxims1.Conversationalimplicature:会话含义？会话含意？2.如何用合作原则引导
2、课堂对话的高效进行？implicature:Thewordimplicatureisderivedfromtheverbimply.imply:tosuggestthatsomethingistrue,withoutsayingthisdirectly.《朗文当代英语词典第4版：815》含义：（词句等）所包含的意义。也作涵义。如：～深奥。含意：（诗文、说话等）含有的意思。如：猜不透她这话的～。《现代汉语词典》含义VS含意前者仅指词语等所包含的意思,后者则是指话语或话语中的词语的暗含意义;前者所表示的内容具有客观性,而后者则是言外之意,具有主观性;前者所包含的内容是内在的
3、、静止的、封闭的,而后者所指的内容则是在受话人理解过程中生成的,是外在的、动态的、可延伸的。conversationalimplicature:会话含义？会话含意！Conclution:合作原则在课堂上的体现1.ThemaximsofQuantityT：Goodmorning,boysandgirls.TodaywewilllearnUnit8:Sports.Whatsportdoyoulike?S1:Ilikefootballandbasketball.S2keepssilence….S3:Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tlikebasketball.H
4、ere,S1observesthequantitymaximswell,whileS2didn’tgiveanyinformation,andS3mademoreinformativethanisrequired.2.ThemaximsofQualityT:Whoplaysthebasketballbestinourclass?S1:LiuMing.Heisthecaptain.LiuMing:Iam.Everybodyhereismyfans.Here,S1Tellsthetruth,whileLiuMingissayingsomethingwithoutadequa
5、teevidencebecausethereareotherstudentswhodon’tlikebasketballandtheymaydon’tlikeLiuMing.3.ThemaximofRelationT:Whydon’tyoulikethebasketball?S2:BecauseIamagirl.S3:Becauseitmakesmetired.Here,whatS2hassaidhasnorelationwiththequestion,butS3’swordsarerelatedwiththequestion.4.themaximsofMannerT:
6、Canyoutellmesomeofyourexperienceaboutthebasketball?S1:OncewewonthebasketballgameagainstClass2.S2:Oneday,somebodyinourclassstolemybasketball.S3:Ihaveabasketball.WhenIwas5,myfathergavemeasmallbasketball.Hetoldmeastoryaboutthebasketball……S1observesthemaxims,whileS2’swordsarenotperspicuousan
7、dS3isn’tsayingbrieflyandorderly.Thecooperativeprinciplehelpstomaketheclassconversationeffectiveandfluent,whiletheviolationofthemaximsmakesitawasteoftime.Conclution:如何充分发挥合作原则的作用，使课堂上师生间的互动对话更高效？Furtherstudy转变设问思维方式，从理想的答案入手设置清晰明了准确的问题，引导学生的回答遵循会话原则；T:Pleaseintroduceyourse
