二、翻译与对等

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1、长春工程学院教案用纸ChapterTwoTranslationandEquivalenceI.Teachingcontents1.Review2.Translationandequivalence2.Definitionofequivalence3.Classificationofequivalence4.Assignments5.ReferencesforfurtherreadingII.TeachingAimsTomakethestudentsawareoftherelationshipbetweentranslationa

2、ndequivalencethroughdiscussion,explanationetc.III.TeachingFocusTherelationshipbetweentranslationandequivalenceIV.TeachingProcedures:StepOne:Review1.Generalintroductiontotranslationcourse1)Thedefinitionoftranslation2)Thenatureoftranslation3)Thecharacteristicsoftransla

3、tion2.CommentsontheassignmentgiventothestudentsinlastperiodStepTwo:Groupdiscussionaboutequivalence.1.Whatisequivalence?Equivalencereferstothedescriptionofonethinginthesourcelanguage(originallanguage)indifferentlanguages.Infacttranslationisaboutequivalence.(不同语言用来表达同一

4、事物的词叫对等词.)2.Howmanykindsofequivalencedoyouknow?Whatarethey?Therearethefollowingkindsofequivalence:A.形式对等（FormalEquivalence）形式对等是奈达在翻译《圣经》时和＂动态对等＂并存提出的一个概念，它强调的是原文的可读性。形式对等通过保留原语的习语、修辞、形式和措词等，让译语读者理解原文所表达的内容．奈达所提出的形式对等，在本质上与直译法是一致的：强调忠于原文。（1）在词汇层面上的形式对等可以有以下几种形式：(Word

5、Equivalence/Word-for-wordcorrespondencecanbedividedintothefollowingkinds):教法提示ppt.aided13长春工程学院教案用纸a.Totalequivalence:(完全对等)Twowordsintwodifferentlanguageshaveexactlythesamemeaning.(两个对等词词义完全相同。)eg.Marxism=马克思主义BeijingUniversity=北京大学NewYork=纽约radar=雷达aspirin=阿斯匹林lase

6、r=激光b.Partialequivalence:(部分对等)Twowordsintwodifferentlanguageshavemanymeanings,inwhichonlyoneorsomearetheequivalents.(两个词在其所在的语言中各有许多不同含义，其中只有一个或数个词义对等。)在下面例子中英语“pull”和汉语的“拉”是对等的。eg.拉门pullthedoor拉断pullapart拉开抽屉pullopenthedrawer拉开开关pullswitch他拉了拉我的袖自。Hepulledmysleeve.

7、但是在下面例子中英语“pull”和汉语的“拉”是不对等的。eg.pullatooth拔牙pullin（车）进站pullaround恢复健康pulltogether齐心协力pulloffaplan努力实现计划教法提示explanationandenlightenmentppt.aidedppt.aided13长春工程学院教案用纸拉拉手shakehands拉拉队cheeringsquad拉肚子diarrhea拉选票canvass拉倒forgetaboutitc.Onewordwithmultipleequivalents:(多元对等

8、)i)Onewordwithmultipleequivalentofthesamemeaning:(一个词有多个对等的同义词)eg.wife:妻子，爱人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳妇，内人potato:马铃薯，洋芋，土豆，山药蛋人:humanbeing,man,peo