三、翻译与翻译对等

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1、长春工程学院教案用纸教学内容教法提示12长春工程学院教案用纸ChapterThreeTranslationandEquivalenceI.TeachingContents:a.Wordequivalenceb.Formequivalencec.Dynamicequivalenced.Meaningequivalencee.StyleequivalenceII.TeachingAims:Tomakestudentsknowabouttherelationshipbetweentranslationandequivalence.III.Te

2、achingFocus:TheimportanceofequivalenceIV.TeachingMethods:Student-centered(groupwork,thenclasswork).V.TeachingApproaches:Multi-mediaaided.VI.TeachingProcedures:Step1Commentsontheassignmentgiventostudentsinlastperiod.Step2Groupdiscussionaboutequivalence.1.Whatisequivalence

3、?Equivalencereferstothedescriptionofonethingindifferentlanguages.Infacttranslationisaboutequivalence.(不同语言用来表达同一事物的词叫对等词.)2.Howmanykindsofequivalencedoyouknow?Whatarethey?Therearethefollowingkindsofequivalence:I.Wordequivalence:Ifwejustconsideritintermsofwords,wecandivid

4、eitintothefollowingkinds.A.Completeequivalence:Itreferstothecaseinwhichtwowordsorphrasesindifferentlanguageshaveexactlythesamemeaning.Forexamples:1.theU.S.StateDepartment(美国国务院)2.computationallinguistics(计算机语言学)3.thePacificOcean(太平洋)4.tuberculosis(肺结核)12长春工程学院教案用纸5.helic

5、opter(直升飞机)6.minibus(小公共汽车)7.marriage(结婚)8.laser=激光9.asbusyasabee(忙如蜜蜂)10.It’snousetalkingtohim,foryourwordwillgoinoneearandouttheother.（跟他讲没有用，他总是一耳进，一耳出。）B.Partialequivalence:(部分对等)Twowordsintwodifferentlanguageshavemanymeanings,inwhichonlyoneorsomeofthemeaningshavethe

6、equivalents.(两个词在其所在的语言中各有许多不同含义，其中只有一个或数个词义对等。)在下面例子中英语“pull”和汉语的“拉”是对等的。Forexamples:拉门pullthedoor拉断pullapart拉开抽屉pullopenthedrawer拉开开关pullswitch他拉了拉我的袖子。Hepulledmysleeve.（但是在下面例子中英语“pull”和汉语的“拉”是不对等的。）Forexamples:pullatooth拔牙pullin（车）进站pullaround恢复健康pulltogether齐心协力pull

7、offaplan努力实现计划拉拉手shakehand拉拉队cheeringsquad拉肚子diarrhea拉选票canvass拉倒forgetaboutitC.Onewordwithmultipleequivalents:(多元对等)a.Onewordwithmultipleequivalentsofthesamemeanings:(一个词有多个对等的同义词)Forexamples:wife:妻子，爱人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳妇，内人potato:马铃薯，洋芋，土豆，山药蛋人:humanbeing,man,people,persondie

8、:死了，走了;没了;去了;完蛋了，驾崩了;圆祭了;仙逝；归天；命赴黄泉b.Onewordwithmultipleequivalentsofdifferentmeanings:(一个词有多个不同意义词)For