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1、第一章：Awordcanbedefinedasafundamentalunitofspeechandaminimumfreeform;withaunityofsoundandmeaning,capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunctionThedevelopmentofEnglishVocabulary.①OldEnglish(OE)(449-1100)OEischracterizedbythefrequentuseofcompounds.SomeOEcompoundsinvolvingalliterationhavesurvived
2、inModernEnglish.About85%ofOEwordsarenolongerinuse.②MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)MEischaracterizedbythestronginfluenceofFrenchfollowingtheNormanConquestin1066.（lawandgovernmentaladministration）③ModernEnglish(1500-thepresent)Therapidgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabularyanditscauses：A.markedprogr
3、essofscienceandtechnology（software,hardware）B.socio-economic,politicalandculturalchanges（creditcard,fringebenefit,pressurecooker）C.influenceofotherculturesandlanguages（maotai,sputnik）classificationofEnglishwordsaccordingtodifferentcriteria1.Byorigin：nativewordsandloanwords。Nativewords(An
4、glo-SaxonoriginofOE)Loanwords(borrowedfromotherlanguage)featuresofbasicwordstock:1.Nationalcharacter2.Stability3.Word-formingability4.Abilitytoformcollocations.2.Bylevelofusage(1)Commonwords:stylisticallyneutral,appropriateinbothformalandinformalwritingandspeech(2)Literarywords:chieflyus
5、edinwriting,especiallyinbookswritteninamoreelevatedstyle,inofficialdocuments,orinformalspeeches.A.archaicwords:Theyaresometimesemployedinpoetry,businessletters,legaldocuments,religiousspeeches,andproses.B.poeticalwords（thedeep(thesea),slumber(sleep)maiden(girl),etc.）(3)colloquialwords：ma
6、inlyusedinspokenEnglish,orininformalwriting.(4)slangwords（kickthebucket,top-notchteachers,buzz(telephonecall)(5)technicalwords（psychoanalysis,interlanguage,discovery,assaultandcoversation）3.BynotionFunctionwords:determiners,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliaries.Contentwords:nouns,mainver
7、bs,adjectives,adverbs.第二章：Themorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.Theclassificationofmorpheme：1.freeandboundmorphemes：Afreemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.Itcanexistonitsownwithoutaboundmorpheme.Abo
