《词汇学》名词解释总汇.doc

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1、《词汇学》名词解释总汇1.Conversion（转换）isaword-formationwherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftedintoawordofanotherwithouttheadditionofanaffix.Itisalsocalledzeroderivation.2.Neologisms（新词用法）arenewlycoinedwordsorwordsthataregivennewmeaningtofitnewsituationbecauseofsocial,economic,political,cultu

2、ral,scientificandtechnologicalchangesinhumansociety.3.Lexicology（词汇学）isabranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyofagivenlanguage.Itdealswithwords,theirorigin,development,structure,formation,meaningandusage.4.theelevationofmeaning（词义的升格）referstotheprocessbywhichwordsri

3、sefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance.5.Acronyms（首字母拼音词）wordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofwordsandpronouncedaswords.Theydifferfrominitialismsinthattheyarepronouncedaswordsratherthanassequencesofletters.6.Hyponymy(上下义关系)dealswiththerelationshipofsemanticinclusion.Itreferstoth

4、erelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenthegenus(generallexicalitem)andthespecies(specificlexicalitems).7.Analogy（类比）isaprocessbywhichwordsorphrasesarecreatedorre-formedaccordingtotheexistingpatternsinthelanguage.8.Motivation（理据）dealswiththeconnectionbetweenname(word-symbol)anditssense(mean

5、ing).Itistherelationshipbetweenthewordstructureanditsmeaning.9.Metaphor（隐喻）isafigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparison.Itisasimilewithoutlikeoras.10.Antonymy(反义关系)isconcernedwithsemanticopposition.Itcanbedefinedaswordswhichareoppositeinmeaning.11.Suffix（后缀）:anaffixattachedtotheen

6、dofabase(rootorstem)12.synecdoche（提喻）meansusingapartforawhole,anindividualforaclass,amaterialforathing,orviceversa,thewholeforapart.13.prefix（前缀）:anaffixattachedtothebeginningofabase(rootorstem)14.initialism（首字母连写词）:atypeofshortening,usingthefirstlettersofwordstoformapropername,atec

7、hnicalterm,oraphrase;itispronouncedletterbyletter.15.morpheme(词素):thesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdividableoranalyzableintosmallerforms.16.thedegradationofmeaning（词义的降格）:istheoppositeofsemanticelevation.Itisaprocesswherebywordsofgoodoriginfallintoillreputationornon-

8、affectivewordscomet