词汇学名词解释

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1、1.Freemorphemes:自由语素amorphemesthatcanstandalone.或者alinguisticformthatcanoccurasanindependentword.2.Boudmorphemes:黏着语素amorphemesthatmustoccurwithatleaseoneothermorpheme.3.Back-formation:逆生法。isthemethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.4.Allomorph：语素变体thephonetic

2、variantofamorphemeinaparticularlanguage.或者oneofthevariantsofthesamemorpheme5.conversion:转换法istheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsfromoneword-classtoanotherword-class.或者Conversionisaword-formationprocesswherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftedintoawordofanotherword-cla

3、sswithouttheadditionofanaffix.6.blending拼缀法istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpastsoftwowordsorwordplusapartofantherword.如;smog---smoke+fog.7.Semanticfield:语义场Semanticfieldtheoryisconcernedwiththevocabularyofalanguageasasystemofinterrelatedlexicalnetworks.Thewordsofaseman

4、ticfieldarejoinedtogetherbyacommonconcept,andtheyarelikelytohaveanumberofcollocationsincommon.8.semanticmotivation:语义理据Semanticmotivationreferstomotivationbasedonsemanticfactorsanditisusuallyprovidedbythefigurativeusageofwords.1.conceptualmeaning：概念意义。themeaninggiveninthe

5、dictionaryandformsthecoreofword-meaning.10.lexicalmeaning：themeaningofawordthatdependsonthenonlinguisticconceptsitisusedtoexpress11.affectivemeaning:情感意义isconcernedwiththeexpressionoffeelingsandattitudesofthespeakerorwriter.12.semantictransfer词义迁移figuresofspeech13Metonymy

6、转喻Itisafigureofspeechbywhichanobjectorideaisdescribedbythenameofsomethingcloselyrelatedtoit.14.synecdoche.提喻Afigureofspeechbywhichapartisputforthawhole,thewholeforthepart,speciesforgenus,thegenudforthespeciesorthenameofthematerialforthedhingmade.15:Extra-linguisticcontext

7、:语言之外的环境Extra-linguisticcontextrefersnotonlytotheactualspeechsituationinwhichawordisusedbutalsototheentireculturalbackgroundagainstwhichaword,oranutteranceoraspeecheventisset.16：polysemy：一词多义Polysemymeansthatonesinglewordhastwoormoresensesatthesametime.17.Homophone:同音异义词W

8、ordsidenticalinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaningarecalledhomophones.18：homonymy：Homonymsarew