英语词汇学名词解释

《英语词汇学名词解释》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、英语词汇学笔记之“名词解释篇”1.Word---Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfuntion.2.Morpheme---Amorphemeistheminimalsignificantelementinthecompositionofwords.3.FreemorphemesorContentmorphemes(Freeroot)---Theyaremorphemesthatmayconstitutewordsbythemselve

2、s:cat,walk.4.BoundMorphemesorGrammaticalmorphemes---Theyaremorphemesthatmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,eitherboundorfree:Catts,walk+ing.5.Boundroot---Aboundrootisthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningjustlikeafreeroot.Unlikeafreeroot,itisaboundformandhastocom

3、binewithothermorphemestomakewords.Take-dict-forexample:itconveysthemeaningof"sayorspeak"asaLatinroot,butnotasaword.Withtheprefixpre-(=before)weobtaintheverbpredictmeaning"tellbeforehand".6.Affixes---Affixesareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfuntion.7.

4、InflectionalmorphemesorInflectionalaffixes---Affixesattachestotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes.Thereistheregularpluralsuffix-s(-es)whichisaddedtonounssuchasmachines,desks.8.DerivationalmorphemesorDerivationalaffixe

5、s---Derivationalaffixesareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.9.Prefixes---Prefixesareaffixesthatcomebeforetheword,suchas,pre+war.10.Suffixes---suffixesareaffixesthatcomeaftertheword,forinstance,blood+y.Derivationalmorphemes/derivationalaffixes---Aprocessofformingneww

6、ordsbytheadditionofawordelement.Suchasprefix,suffix,combingformtoanalreadyexistingword.Prefixation----istheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixorcombingformtothebase.(Itmodifythelexicalmeaningofthebase)Suffixation---istheformationofanewwordbyaddingasuffixorcombingformtothebaseand

7、usuallychangingtheword-classofthebase.Suchasboy.Boyish(noun-adjective)11.Root---Arootisthebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalysedwithouttotallossofidentity.12.OpaqueWords--Wordsthatareformedbyonecontentmorphemeonlyandcannotbeanalysedintopartsarecalledopaquewords,suchasaxe

8、,glove.13.TransparentWords--Wordsthatconsistofmorethanonemorp