自考英语词汇学名词解释(54个全).doc

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1、词汇学名词解释1.Word---Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfuntion.2.Morpheme---Amorphemeistheminimalsignificantelementinthecompositionofwords.3.FreemorphemesorContentmorphemes(Freeroot)---Theyaremorphemesthatmayconstitutewordsbythemselves:cat,walk.4.BoundMorpheme

2、sorGrammaticalmorphemes---Theyaremorphemesthatmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,eitherboundorfree:Catts,walk+ing.5.Boundroot---Aboundrootisthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningjustlikeafreeroot.Unlikeafreeroot,itisaboundformandhastocombinewithothermorphemestomakewords.Take-dict-

3、forexample:itconveysthemeaningof"sayorspeak"asaLatinroot,butnotasaword.Withtheprefixpre-(=before)weobtaintheverbpredictmeaning"tellbeforehand".6.Affixes---Affixesareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfuntion.7.InflectionalmorphemesorInflectionalaffixes---Affixesattachesto

4、theendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes.Thereistheregularpluralsuffix-s(-es)whichisaddedtonounssuchasmachines,desks.8.DerivationalmorphemesorDerivationalaffixes---Derivationalaffixesareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.9.Prefixe

5、s---Prefixesareaffixesthatcomebeforetheword,suchas,pre+war.10.Suffixes---suffixesareaffixesthatcomeaftertheword,forinstance,blood+y.Derivationalmorphemes/derivationalaffixes---Aprocessofformingnewwordsbytheadditionofawordelement.Suchasprefix,suffix,combingformtoanalreadyexistingword.Prefixation

6、----istheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixorcombingformtothebase.(Itmodifythelexicalmeaningofthebase)Suffixation---istheformationofanewwordbyaddingasuffixorcombingformtothebaseandusuallychangingtheword-classofthebase.Suchasboy.Boyish(noun-adjective)11.Root---Arootisthebasicformofawordwhichcanno

7、tbefurtheranalysedwithouttotallossofidentity. 12.OpaqueWords--Wordsthatareformedbyonecontentmorphemeonlyandcannotbeanalysedintopartsarecalledopaquewords,suchasaxe,glove.13.TransparentWords--Wordsthatconsistofmorethanonemorphemesan