自考英语词汇学笔记整理.doc

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1、自考英语词汇学笔记整理Chapter11-Thedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpoints:(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage;(2)asoundunity;(3)aunitofmeaning;(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence.Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfun

2、ction.2-SoundandMeaning: symbolicconnectionisalmostalwaysarbitraryandconventional.Adogiscalledadognotbecausethesoundandthethreelettersthatmakeupthewordjustautomaticallysuggesttheanimalinquestion.3-OldEnglish,thespeechofthetimewasrepresentedverymuchmo

3、refaithfullyinwritingthanitistoday.TheinternalreasonforthisisthattheEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguagesothatsomelettersmustdodoubledutyorworktogetherincombination.Anotherreasonistha

4、tthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears,andinsomecasesthetwohavedrawnfarapart. 4-Athirdreasonisthatsomeofthedifferenceswerecreatedbytheearlyscribes.Finallycomestheborrowing,whichisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabula

5、ry.5-Vocabulary:Allthewordsinalanguagemakeupitsvocabulary. Notonlycanitrefertothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,butitcanstandforallthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.Wealsouseittorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect,agivenbook,agivendisciplinea

6、ndthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.Thegeneral estimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisovermillionwords.wordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.Wealsouseittorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect,agivenbook,agivendisciplineandthewordspossessedbyanin

7、dividualperson.Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisovermillionwords.wordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.Wealsouseittorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect,agivenbook,agivendisciplineandthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.Thegenerale

8、stimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisovermillionwords.wordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.Wealsouseittorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect,agivenbook,agivendisciplineandthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEng