自考英语词汇学笔记完整整理 全部.doc

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1、Lexicology（词汇学）:isabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.TheNatureandScopeofEnglishlexicology：EnglishlexicologyaimsatinvestigatingandstudyingthemorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemanticstructures,relations,historicaldevelopme

2、nt,formationandusages.ThesubjectsthatEnglishLexicologycorrelatedwithandextentto：EnglishLexicologyiscorrelatedwithsuchlinguisticdisciplinesasmorphology(形态学),semantics(语义学),etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）andlexicography(词典学)ThereasonforastudenttostudyEnglishlexicology：Accordingto

3、thetextbook,EnglishLexicologywilldefinitelybebeneficialforstudentsofEnglish.AgoodknowledgeofmorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandrulesofword-formationwillhelplearnersdeveloptheirpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreasetheirwordpower.Theinformationofthehistoricaldevelopmenta

4、ndtheprinciplesofclassificationwillgivethemadeeperunderstandingofword-meaningandenablethemtoorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively.Theunderstandingandtheirsenserelationswillgraduallyraisetheirawarenessofmeaningandusage,andenablethemusewordsmoreaccuratelyandappropriately

5、.Aworkingknowledgeofdictionarieswillimprovetheirskillsofusingreferencebooksandraisetheirproblem-solvingabilityandefficiencyofindividualstudy.Chapter11-Thedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpoints:(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage;(2)asoundunity;(3)aunitofmeaning;(4)aformthatca

6、nfunctionaloneinasentence.languageAwordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.1词定义包括以下几点：（1）一门语言中最小的自由形式;（2）一个声音的统一体（3）一个意义单位;（4）在一个句子中独立起作用的一个形式。词是一门语言中具有一定的声音一门语言中具有一定的声音、词是一门语言中具有一定的声音、意义和句法功能的最小的自由形式2-SoundandMeaning:symbolicconnectio

7、nisalmostalwaysarbitraryandconventional.Adogiscalledadognotbecausethesoundandthethreelettersthatmakeupthewordjustautomaticallysuggesttheanimalinquestion.2-声音和意义：象征性联系几乎总是任意和约定成俗的狗称为狗不是因为这个声音以及这三个字母在一起就能自动表示这种动物。3-OldEnglish,thespeechofthetimewasrepresentedverymuchmorefaithfull

8、yinwritingthanitistoday.TheinternalreasonforthisisthattheEngl