英语词汇学自考重点.doc

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1、各章重点内容串讲：　　Introduction　　1.Lexicology（名词解释题）　　（1）Definition:Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords（WNWD）.　　本句翻译：词汇学是语言学的一个分支，它主要是研究词汇的来源以及意义（词汇学的定义）。　　（2）Domain:EnglishlexicologyaimsatinvestigatingandstudyingthemorphologicalstructuresofEnglish

2、wordsandwordequivalents,theirsemanticstructures,relations,historicaldevelopment,formationandusages.　　本句翻译：它研究的是英语词汇的形态结构，同时它还研究英语词汇的语义结构、英语词汇的发展历史和英语词汇的形成与用法。　　2.MethodsofStudy（单选题/名词解释题）　　（1）Twoapproaches　　Therearegenerallytwoapproachestothestudyofwords,namelysynchronicanddiach

3、ronic.　　synchronic共时法　　diachronic历时法　　（2）Definition:A,synchronic　　Fromasynchronicpointofview,wordscanbestudiedatapointintime.　　However,ifwetakeadiachronicperspective,wewillconsiderthewordhistorically,lookingintoitsoriginandchangesinformandmeaning.1.word（名词解释）　　（1）aminimalfreefor

4、mofalanguage　　1）Therefore,wecansaythatawordisaminimalfreeformofalanguage（词是语言中的最小的自由形式）　　2）thathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.（词有固定的读音，固定的意义，固定的句法功能。）　　2.therelationshipsbetweenthesoundandmeaning　　（1）简答题　　1）Soundisthephysicalaspectofaword.Andmeaningiswhatthesoundre

5、fersto.　　本句翻译：音是词的物质外壳；义是音的所指。　　2）Awordisasymbolthatstandsforsomethingelseintheworld,whichisoutsidethelanguagesystem.　　（2）单选题或填空题　　arbitrary/conventional　　1）thereis‘nologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself’.（音与实际的实物和实际思想本身并没有

6、一定的逻辑关系）　　2）Therelationshipbetweenthemisconventionalbecausepeopleofthesamespeechcommunityhaveagreedtorefertotheanimalwiththisclusterofsounds.　　3.Moreandmoredifferencesoccurbetweenthetwo.（简答题）（音和形之间的距离越拉越大）（P8）　　①TheinternalreasonforthisisthattheEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRo

7、mans　　②Anotherreasonisthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears　　③Thethirdreasonisthatsomeofthedifferenceswerecreatedbytheearlyscribes.　　④Finallycomestheborrowing,whichisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabulary.　　4.Wordscanbeclassifiedbydifferent

8、criteria（简答题/单选题）（P10－P11）　　Wordsmayfallintothe