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1、第一份anallomorphisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.Forexample,theallomorphs”-ion/-tion/-sion/-ation”arethepositionalvariantsorthesamesuffix.Derivationoraffixationisaprocessofformingnewwordsbyadditionofawordelementsuchasaprefixsuffixorcombiningformtoanalr
2、eadyexistingword.forexample,theword”unfair”isformedbyaddingtheprefix”un-”tothealreadyexistingwordfair第二份Conversion：isaword-formationprocesswherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftedintofanotherword-classwithouttheadditionofanaffix.Forexample,theverb"attack"(asin“Theenemyattackedusatnight”)co
3、rrespondstothenoun"attack"(as.in"Theenemylaunchedanattackonusatnight”);andtherelationshipmaybeseenasparalleltothatbetweentheverb“invade”(asin“Theenemyinvadedusatnight”)andthenoun“invade”(asin“Theenemylaunchedaninvasiononusatnight.”).Aboundmorphemeisonewhichcannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutte
4、rance;itmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,freeorbound.Forexample,”in-“in”unkind”Elevationofmeaningreferstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningtopositionsofimportance,orawordmeaningtakesaturnforthebetterinthecourseoftime.Forexample,theword“marshal”originallymeant“ahorsetender”,b
5、utitnowmeans“officerofhighestrank”.第三份：polysemy:polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages.Therearewordsthathavetwoorthreesenses,andthemostcommonlyusedonescanhaveasmanyasoverahundred.However,whenawordisfirstcoined,itisalwaysmonosemic.Butinthecourseofdevelopment,thesamesymbolmustb
6、eusedtoexpressmoremeanings,theresultispolysemy.Forexample,theword"fair"hasvariousmeanings,(ofresults)average,quitegood,(ofattitude,behaviour)justandhonest,importial,(oftheweather)clearandsunny,(ofamount)satisfatiry,abundant,etc.32.Neoclassicalformation:denotestheprocessbywhichnewwordsarefor
7、medfromelementsderivedfromLatinandGreek.Forexample,theword"telephone".第四份：Synonymyisthesemanticrelationofsimilarity.Forexample,thepairofwords“beautiful”and“pretty”.Prefixationistheadditionofaprefixtothebase.Prefixesmodifythemeaningofthebase,buttheydonotg
