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1、词汇学简答等20140405C0introductionLexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,whichisbothatheoreticalandpracticalcourse.Therearegenerallytwoapproachestothestudyofwords,namely____and_____.synchronic,diachronicC1BasicConceptsofWordandVocabularywordAwordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagi
2、vensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.WhatistherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningThereisnologicalrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningasthesymbolicconnectionbetweenthemisarbitraryandconventional.Eg.DogmeansgouinChinese.Ontheotherhand,thesamesoundraitcanmeanright,rite,andwrit
3、e,thoughdenotingdifferentthings,themhavethesamesound.Whydomoreandmoredifferencesoccurbetweensoundandform?WhyisEnglishsoundanimperfectrepresentationofthespokenform?lEnglishalphabetdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguage.lPronunciationhaschangedmorerapidl
4、ythanspellingovertheyears.lBorrowingofforeignlanguage.lSomeofthedifferenceswerecreatedbytheearlyscribes.lPrintingfreezesthespellingofwordswhilesoundcontinuestochangeasusual.VocabularyVocabularyreferstothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,allthewordsusedinaparticularhistoric
5、alperiod,andallthewordsofagivendialectandsoon.By__,wordscanbeclassifiedinto___.byusefrequency,basicwordstockandnonbasicvocabulary;bynotion,contentwordsandfunctionalwords;byorigin,nativewordsandborrowedwords.第21页共21页thebasicwordstockThebasicwordstockisthefoundationofthevoca
6、bularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.Whatisthecharacterofbasicwordstock?lAllnationalcharacter.Thebasicwordstockdenotethemostcommonthingsandphenomenaoftheworldaroundus.lStability,theyarelikelytoremainrelativelyunchanged.lProductivity,theyaremostl
7、yrootwords,meanstheycanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes.lPolysemy,theyoftenpossessmorethanonemeaning.lCollocability,manyofthemhavemanysetexpressions,proverbialsayingsandsoon.Eg,heart,aheartofgold,learnbyheart.terminologyTerminologyistechnicaltermsusedinparticulardiscip
8、linesandacademicareasasinmusic,symphony.jargonJargonisthespecializedvocabulariesbywhichme
