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1、Chapter1LexicologyandWordsØWhatislexicology?Lexicology=studyofwords/thelexiconItiscloselyrelatedtomorphology,semantics,etymologyandlexicography.Morphology:thestudyoftheformsofwordsandtheircomponents.Semantics:thestudyofmeaning.Etymology:thestudyofthewholehistoryofwords.Lexicography:thewritingandco
2、mpilationofdictionariesØWhatisaword?AWordisanuninterruptibleunitofstructureconsistingofoneormoremorphemes;aunitofsoundandmeaning.ThetotalstockofEnglishwordsisstructuredandorganizedinasystematicway.→wordclass;semanticfield.nWordclass:closedclass(grammaticalorfunctionwords):preposition,pronoun,deter
3、miner（限定词:the,every..）,conjunction,auxiliaryverb(助动词)；openclass(lexicalwords):noun,adjective,verb,adverb.nLexicalwordsandgrammaticalwordsnSemantic(orlexical)field:semanticfieldofcolorterms,kinshipterms,militaryranksandvehicles;semanticfieldanalysisusedinthedescriptionsofvocabularyindictionarieslik
4、eRoget’sThesaurus&LongmanLexiconofContemporaryEnglish(McArthur)&LongmandictionaryofScientificUsage&LongmanLanguageActivator.Componentialanalysis:amethodforestablishingsemanticfield(e.g.themeaningofwoman:[+human],[+adult],[+female]Chapter2—SomebasicconceptsandWordMeaningsØMorpheme:thesmallestmeanin
5、gfulunitinalanguage;(e.g.moralizersiscomposedof4morphemes:moral+lize+er+s.)Amorphememaybe:Acompleteword;awordformsuchasanaffix(e–able);acombiningform(bio-,geo-)nFreemorpheme:lexicalmorpheme:ordinarynouns,adjectivesandverbs,thewordswhichcarrythe“content”ofmessagesweconvey,e.g.boy,house,tiger,sad,lo
6、ng,sincere,open,look,follow,bread.functionalmorpheme:consistslargelyofthefunctionalwordsinthelanguagesuchasconjunctions,prepositions,articlesandpronouns,e.g.and,but,when,because,on,near,in,the,that,it.nBoundmorpheme(prefixorsuffix):Derivationalmorpheme:usedtomakenewwordsinthelanguage.e.g.(-ness,-l
7、y,-ish,ment,re-,pre-,ex-,pre-,dis-,co-,un-);good—goodness,fool—foolish,bad—badly,pay—paymentInflectionalmorpheme:indicateaspectsofthegrammaticalfunctionofaword.e.g.–ed,-s,-ing,-er,-est,-’s.InEnglish,allinflection
