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1、第九节正反、反正表达法ConversionofAffirmationandNegationWhatisaffirmationandnegationConversionfromAffirmationtoNegationConversionfromNegationtoAffirmationContentsExamplesriotpolicecrisislawspyfilm防暴警察(即anti-riotpolice，而不是暴乱的警察)反危机法案(即anti-crisislaw)反谍影片Don'tstopw
2、orking!别停下来！继续干活!Hewentintotheinsecurebuilding.他走进那座不安全的楼。他走进那座危楼.1.1Affirmation&NegationAnAffirmativestructurereferstoaphraseorsentencewhichispositiveinitsstructureorform,i.e.itdoesnothaveanynegativeelementinit.Onthecontrary,anNegativestructurereferst
3、oaphraseorsentencewhichisnegativeinitsstructureorform.在英汉互译过程中，由于两种语言表达习惯不同，往往需要把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说，把英语中的反说译成汉语中的正说，这样才能确切表达原意并符合语言的规范。这种把正说处理为反说，把反说处理为正说的译法，叫正反表达法。TheEnglishlanguagehasitspeculiaritiesinnegation.Ofcourse,English-speakingpeoplehavetheirown
4、wayofthinkinginthenegationandexpressingnegativeimplications.WhatisaffirmativeinforminEnglishmaybeimpliedsomethingnegativeinChinese,andviceverses-.Theuseof“yes”and“no”isacaseinpoint.1.2Negativewords&Expressionsa).Fullnegatives:no,never,none,nothing,not,
5、nobody,nowhere,norb).Seminegatives:hardly,scarcely,seldom,barely,few,littlec).Partialnegatives:notevery,notall,notboth,notmuch,notmany,notalways1.2NegativewordsandExpressionsd).Wordswithnegativeimplication:1)(verb):fail,miss,lack,ignore,refuse,withhold
6、,refrain(from),neglect,deny,overlook,exclude;2).(noun):absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,neglect,exclusion;3)(adj.):few,little,freefrom,farfrom,safefrom,shortof;4).(adv):little,otherwise,too…to..;5).(conj.):unless,before,until,(rather)than,or;6).(pre):
7、without,above,except,beyond,insteadof,inplaceof,outof,etc.7):Affixeswithnegativeimplication:a-,dis-,un,ab-,in-,im-,il-,ir-,non-,-less,etc.汉语常用的否定词：“不、无、非、没、未、勿、莫、否、别、毋”等a).完全否定意义“不、没有、绝不、毫无、否则”b).部分否定意义“并非都、不总是、未必全部”c).双重否定非…….不（莫）、不……没有1.2Negativeword
8、sandExpressions2TheConversionfromAffirmationtoNegationVerbsAdverbsAdjectivesPrepositionsConjunctionsNounsPhrasesSentences2.1VerbsIfhehadkepthistemper,thenegotiationwouldprobablyhavebeenasuccess.（正面表达）假如他忍住脾气，谈判可能已经成功了。（正面表达）假如他不发脾气，谈判可能
