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1、翻译技巧第六讲正说反译，反说正译法正说反译，反说正译法(Negation)0 IntroductionNegation isan importantcomposition ofanylanguage,butdifferentlanguageshavevariouswaystoexpressnegation,whicharereflectednotonly in theuseof negativewordsbutalso in differentstructuresofnegation.英语的否定形式多种多样——全部否定,部分否定,双重否定,形式否定,意义否定汉语的否定
2、形式单一——negativewordsarealwaysputbeforetheparttobenegated.1.否定转移(1) 一般否定——〉特殊否定例1.Idon’tteachbecauseteachingiseasyfor me.例2.Wedon’tread novelsforamusement.例3.Theplanetsdonotgoaround thesunatauniformspeed (2) 特殊否定——〉一般否定例1.No sound washeard.例2.So far weknowofnoeffectivewayto storesolar ene
3、rgy.2.意义否定的译法所谓意义否定，就是英语中某些形式上是肯定的，但意义上却是否定的句式。此类句式中，既没有否定词(no,not,none,nothing,nobody,neither,hardly,seldom,rarely,little等) ，也没有带否定的前缀( dis,ir,im,non,un等)的词。其句意上的否定意义，均缘于句中的某些词的词义。(1)由某些名词引起的意义否定例1.Afewinstrumentsarein astateof neglect.例2.Intheabsenceofgravity,therewould beno air aroun
4、d theearth.例3.Shortageofworkerskepttheprogressoftheprojectslow.(2) 由某些动词或动词短语引起的意义否定( e.g.fail,refuse,keepoff,reject,deny,preventfrom,refrain from,giveup,withhold,avoid,stop,turn down,fallshortof,losesightof,shutone’seyesto,turnadeafear to 等) 例1.Hefailed to appreciateourkindness.例2.Then
5、ameslipped frommymemory.例3.Thespecificationlacksdetail.(3) 由某些介词引起的意义否定例1.TheoryofRelativityworked outbyEinstein isnowabovemany people.例2.WhatI’msaying isoffrecord.例3.Itwasbeyond hispowerto sign suchacontract.(4) 由某些连词引起的意义否定例1.Hewould ratherdiestanding thanlivekneeling.例2.I’llseeyoudea
6、d beforeI acceptyourterms.例3.Unlessthereismotion,thereisnowork.(5) 某些形容词引起的意义否定例1.Individualismisaliento theworldoutlookoftheproletariat.例2.Heisstrangeto compliment.例3.Appearancesaredeceptive.例4.Theexplanation isprettythin.1 (6) 由某些短语引起的意义否定例1.Thisproblemisfar frombeing complicated.例2.B
7、utforthesethick trees,thebitter wind would haveblown thehouseto pieces.例3.When Philipmissed thelastbus,hewasatalosstoknowwhatto do.例4.Therearetwo aspectsto everything;to saythereisonlyoneisto beawareofoneaspectand tobeignorantoftheother.(7) 某些句子引起的意义否定例1.Hewas75,buthecarriedhis
