写作 Chapter Three Base3

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1、ChapterThreeProducingEffectiveSentencesBase3:EmphasisPartIIBuildingGoodSentenceBase3:EmphasisUnderstandingEmphasis1.ArrangingIdeasEffectively2.RepeatingIdeas3.SeparatingIdeasPreferringtheActiveVoicetothePassiveVoiceUnderstandingEmphasisUnderstandingEmphasisWell-managedsentencesalsoemph

2、asizeimportantinformationbymakingitreadilyapparentwithinasentence.Wecancontrolemphasiswithinsentencesinthreeways:byplacingthemostimportantideasinstrongpositions;byusingrepetitioncarefully;and,whenastatementisimportantenough,byseparatingitfromsurroundinginformation.ArrangingIdeasEffecti

3、velyArrangingideaswithinsentencesforemphasisinvolvestwoprinciples.First,themostemphaticpositionswithinasentencearethebeginningandtheending,theendingbeingthemoreemphaticofthetwo.Second,parallelseriesofwords,phrases,orclauseswillbemostemphaticiftheelementsappearinorderoftheirincreasingim

4、portance.1.ArrangingIdeasEffectivelyArrangingIdeasEffectivelyPointstoConsider(1)UsingSentenceBeginningsandEndingsOnegoodwaytoimproveloosely-arrangedsentencesistotryputtingtheimportantideasatthebeginningorintheend.Sentencesthuscomposed,justlikebalancedsentencesusuallyimpressive,becauset

5、heybuildtoabigfinishbysavingthemainideauntiltheend,justbeforetheperiod.Letusseethedifferenceofoccupyingpositionsintheseexamples:ArrangingIdeasEffectivelyExample1Unemphatic:Seymourmadethehonorrollwhileholdingdownapart-timejobandplayingtheleadinHamlet.Emphatic:Whileholdingdownapart-timej

6、obandplayingtheleadinHamlet,Seymourmadethehonorroll.Example2Unemphatic:Thestudentsherearemostlymoderates,thoughnotall.Emphatic:Thestudentsherearemostly,thoughnotall,moderates.ArrangingIdeasEffectivelyExample3Unemphatic:Ourfirstconsiderationmustbethepreservationofourenvironment,eventhou

7、ghpreventingpollutioncostsmoney.Emphatic:Eventhoughpreventingpollutioncostsmoney,ourfirstconsiderationmustbethepreservationofourenvironment.ArrangingIdeasEffectivelyExample4Unemphatic:Educationremainsthemostimportantsinglemeansofeconomicadvancement,inspiteofallitsshortcomings.Revised