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1、ChapterThreeProducingEffectiveSentencesBase1:ReadabilityPartIIBuildingGoodSentenceThischapterwillshowyouhowtoachieveeffectivenessinsentences:★readability★coherence★emphasis★concision★varietyFiveStepsFiveBasesIfyouworkonvividspecificsentences,yourwritingwi
2、llbereadable.2.Ifyouorganizeandconnectthespecificevidence,yourwritingwillhavecoherence.3.Ifyouarrange,repeat,separateideaseffectivelyandcontroltheuseofpassivevoice,theimportantinformationinyourwritingwillbeemphasized.4.Ifyoucutemptywordsandfillerphrases,e
3、liminateunnecessaryorconfusingrepetitionandredundancy,simplifywordgroupsandsentencesandreplacenegativeswithaffirmatives,youwillhaveconcisewriting.5.Ifyouvarysentencelengthandemphasis,sentenceopenings,invertthenormalwordorderandvarytheadvancedtypesofsenten
4、ceswithsimplerforms,yourwritingwillbevaried,livelyandinteresting.Thischapterwilldiscussthesefivebasesandwillshowhowthefivebasescanbeusedtoachieveeffectivenessinwriting.1.BeingSpecificandVivid2.UsingImagination3.UsingStrongActiveVerbs4.BeingForcefulBase1:R
5、eadabilityWorkingonReadability1.BeingSpecificandVividActivityLookatthefollowingexamplesofspecificsandconsiderwhythesewritingsaremadesoreadable.BeingSpecificandVividExample1InhisessayAHanging,GeorgeOrwelldescribesadogthat“cameboundingamonguswithaloudvolley
6、ofbarks,andleaptrounduswaggingitswholebody,wildwithgleeatfindingsomanyhumanbeingstogether.”Comment:Theverbleapt,plustheverbaladjectives,enablethereadertovisualizetheenergyandexcitementofthedog.BeingSpecificandVividExample2ThomasHeggen,intheintroductiontoM
7、rRoberts,writes,“SurelyanartilleryshellfiredatHanoverripplestheairhere.SurelyabombdroppedonOkinawatremblesthesebulkheads.”Comment:Theseverbsproducepreciselytheeffecthewantsinthetwosentences:thesuggestionofbeingtouched,butonlybarelytouched,byeventsfaraway.
8、BeingSpecificandVividActivityNow,lookatthreemoreexamplesofspecificsaddingimportantsubstancetoparagraphs.Example3EvenintheabsenceofsamplesfromthesurfaceofMars,agooddealcanbeinferredaboutitsbulkcomposition.Itsdensity,
