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1、PartTwoEssayWritingChapter3TheCompositionWritingProcessI.IntroductionII.PrewritingPlanning(Outlining)—theSecondStageStageIII—WritingandRevisingI.IntroductionStylePurposeAudienceBasicElementsAudienceKnowingyouraudiencewillhelpyoutocommunicateclearlyandeffectivelyPurpo
2、seDeterminestherhetoricalforms:persuasiveessayandexpositoryessaywillbeorganizedindifferentwaysStyleYourmannerofexpression—choiceofwords,grammaticalstructureslengthofsentencesserious,amusing,personal,impersonalI.IntroductionItisimportanttonotethatwritingisaprocess,not
3、a“product.”Thismeansthatapieceofwriting,whetheritisacompositionforyourEnglishclassoralabreportforyourchemistryclass,isnevercomplete;thatis,itisalwayspossibletoreviewandrevise,andreviewandreviseagain.1.ChoosingandNarrowingaTopicIfyouaregivenaspecificwritingassignment(
4、suchasanessayquestiononanexamination),whatyoucanwriteaboutislimited.Ontheotherhand,whenyouaregivenafreechoiceoftopicsandcanwriteaboutsomethingyouareinterestedin,youmustnarrowthetopictoaparticularaspectofthatgeneralsubject.II.PrewritingII.PrewritingWritingProcess—Stag
5、eI:PrewritingStep1:ChoosingandNarrowingaTopicGeneraltopicSpecifictopicVeryspecifictopicEnvironmentPollutionOceanPollutionEffectsonSeaLifeOilSpillsII.Prewriting2.BrainstormingAfteryouhavechosenatopicandnarrowedittoaspecificfocus,thenextprewritingstepistogenerateideas.
6、Thisisdonebyaprocesscalledbrainstorming.Althoughthesebrainstormingactivitiesmayseemunnecessaryatfirst,afterdoingthemafewtimes,youwillrealizetheirusefulness.Brainstormingforideascangetyoutostartwritingmorequicklyandsaveyoutimeinthelaterstagesofthewritingprocess.Listin
7、gisabrainstormingtechniqueinwhichyouthinkaboutyourtopicandquicklymakealistofwhateverwordsorphrasescomeintoyourmind.II.PrewritingWritedownthegeneraltopicatthetopofyourpaper.Thenmakealistofeveryideathatcomesintoyourmindaboutthattopic.Keeptheideasflowing.Usewords,phrase
8、s,orsentences.Rewritethelist,groupsimilarideastogetherandcrossouritemsthatdon’tbelongorthatareduplicationsListingII.PrewritingModel
