集群和新竞争经济学[外文翻译]

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时间:2017-07-26

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1、毕业论文(设计)外文翻译一、外文原文标题:CLUSTERSANDTHENEWECONOMICSOFCOMPETITION原文:WhatIsaCluster?Clustersaregeographicconcentrationsofinterconnectedcompaniesandinstitutionsinaparticularfield.Clustersencompassanarrayoflinkedindustriesandotherentitiesimportanttocompetition.Theyinclude,forexampl

2、e,suppliersofspecializedinputssuchascomponents,machinery,andservices,andprovidersofspecializedinfrastructure.Clustersalsooftenextenddownstreamtochannelsandcustomersandlaterallytomanufacturersofcomplementaryproductsandtocompaniesinindustriesrelatedbyskills,technologies,orcom

3、moninputs.Finally,manyclustersincludegovernmentalandotherinstitutions–suchasuniversities,standards-settingagencies,thinktanks,vocationaltrainingproviders,andtradeassociations–thatprovidespecializedtraining,education,information,research,andtechnicalsupport.TheCaliforniawine

4、clusterisagoodexample.Itincludes680commercialwineriesaswellasseveralthousandindependentwinegrapegrowers.(Seetheexhibit“AnatomyoftheCaliforniaWineCluster.”)Anextensivecomplementofindustriessupportingbothwinemakingandgrapegrowingexists,includingsuppliersofgrapestock,irrigatio

5、nandharvestingequipment,barrels,andlabels;specializedpublicrelationsandadvertisingfirms;andnumerouswinepublicationsaimedatconsumerandtradeaudiences.Ahostoflocalinstitutionsisinvolvedwithwine,suchastheworld-renownedviticultureandenologyprogramattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDav

6、is,theWineInstitute,andspecialcommitteesoftheCaliforniasenateandassembly.TheclusteralsoenjoysweakerlinkagestootherCaliforniaclustersinagriculture,foodandrestaurants,andwine-countrytourism.ConsideralsotheItalianleatherfashioncluster,whichcontainswell-knownshoecompaniessuchas

7、FerragamoandGucciaswellasahostofspecializedsuppliersoffootwearcomponents,machinery,molds,designservices,andtannedleather.(Seetheexhibit“MappingtheItalianLeatherFashionCluster.”)Italsoconsistsofseveralchainsofrelatedindustries,includingthoseproducingdifferenttypesofleathergo

8、ods(linkedbycommoninputsandtechnologies)anddifferenttypesoffootwear(linkedbyoverla

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《集群和新竞争经济学[外文翻译]》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库

1、毕业论文(设计)外文翻译一、外文原文标题:CLUSTERSANDTHENEWECONOMICSOFCOMPETITION原文:WhatIsaCluster?Clustersaregeographicconcentrationsofinterconnectedcompaniesandinstitutionsinaparticularfield.Clustersencompassanarrayoflinkedindustriesandotherentitiesimportanttocompetition.Theyinclude,forexampl

2、e,suppliersofspecializedinputssuchascomponents,machinery,andservices,andprovidersofspecializedinfrastructure.Clustersalsooftenextenddownstreamtochannelsandcustomersandlaterallytomanufacturersofcomplementaryproductsandtocompaniesinindustriesrelatedbyskills,technologies,orcom

3、moninputs.Finally,manyclustersincludegovernmentalandotherinstitutions–suchasuniversities,standards-settingagencies,thinktanks,vocationaltrainingproviders,andtradeassociations–thatprovidespecializedtraining,education,information,research,andtechnicalsupport.TheCaliforniawine

4、clusterisagoodexample.Itincludes680commercialwineriesaswellasseveralthousandindependentwinegrapegrowers.(Seetheexhibit“AnatomyoftheCaliforniaWineCluster.”)Anextensivecomplementofindustriessupportingbothwinemakingandgrapegrowingexists,includingsuppliersofgrapestock,irrigatio

5、nandharvestingequipment,barrels,andlabels;specializedpublicrelationsandadvertisingfirms;andnumerouswinepublicationsaimedatconsumerandtradeaudiences.Ahostoflocalinstitutionsisinvolvedwithwine,suchastheworld-renownedviticultureandenologyprogramattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDav

6、is,theWineInstitute,andspecialcommitteesoftheCaliforniasenateandassembly.TheclusteralsoenjoysweakerlinkagestootherCaliforniaclustersinagriculture,foodandrestaurants,andwine-countrytourism.ConsideralsotheItalianleatherfashioncluster,whichcontainswell-knownshoecompaniessuchas

7、FerragamoandGucciaswellasahostofspecializedsuppliersoffootwearcomponents,machinery,molds,designservices,andtannedleather.(Seetheexhibit“MappingtheItalianLeatherFashionCluster.”)Italsoconsistsofseveralchainsofrelatedindustries,includingthoseproducingdifferenttypesofleathergo

8、ods(linkedbycommoninputsandtechnologies)anddifferenttypesoffootwear(linkedbyoverla

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