Introduction to Psychology 9th ed. James W. Kalat Chapter 5 (pp. 143-193).pdf

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1、©ArielSkelley/CORBIS5Nature,Nurture,chapterandHumanDevelopmentMODULE5.1MODULE5.2HowGrownUpAreWe?OldAgeTheFamilyGeneticsandEvolutionCognitiveDevelopmentInClosing:DevelopingThePsychologyofFacingInClosing:ManyWaysofBehaviorInfancyCognitiveAbilitiesDeathofLifeGeneticPrinciplesResea

2、rchDesignsforSummaryInClosing:SocialandSummaryHowGenesInfluenceStudyingDevelopmentKeyTermsEmotionalIssuesthroughKeyTermsBehaviorJeanPiaget’sViewoftheLifeSpanExplorationandStudyCognitiveDevelopmentMODULE5.3SummaryEvolutionandBehaviorSocialandEmotionalTheFetusandtheNewbornInfancy

3、:Piaget’sKeyTermsDevelopmentInClosing:GettingStartedSensorimotorStageErikson’sDescriptionofMODULE5.4inLifeEarlyChildhood:Piaget’sHumanDevelopmentDiversity:Gender,SummaryPreoperationalStageInfancyandChildhoodCulture,andFamilyKeyTermsLaterChildhoodandAdolescence:Piaget’sSocialDev

4、elopmentinGenderInfluencesStagesofConcreteChildhoodandAdolescenceCulturalandEthnicOperationsandFormalAdulthoodInfluencesOperations14310762_05_Ch05_143-193.indd14310/22/091:28:16PM©DavidGifford/SciencePhotoLibrary/PhotoResearchersAswegrowolder,ourbehaviorchangesinmanyways.Develo

5、pmentalpsychologistsseektodescribeandunderstandthesechanges.ConsiderThis:Supposeyoubuyarobot.Whenyougethome,youdiscoverthatitdoesnothinguseful.Itcannotevenmaintainitsbalance.Itmakesirritating,high-pitchednoises,movesitslimbshaphazardly,andleaks.Thestoreyouboughtitfromrefusestot

6、akeitback.Andyou’renotallowedtoturnitoff.Soyouarestuckwiththisuselessmachine.Afewyearslater,yourrobotwalksandtalks,readsandwrites,drawspic-tures,anddoesarithmetic.Itfollowsyourdirections(usually)andsometimesdoesusefulthingswithoutbeingtold.Itbeatsyouatmemorygames.Howdidallthish

7、appen?Afterall,youknewnothingabouthowtoprogramarobot.Didyourrobothavesomesortofbuilt-inprogrammingthatsimplytookalongtimetophasein?Orwasitprogrammedtolearnalltheseskills?Childrenarelikethatrobot.Parentswonder,“Howdidmychildrengettobethewaytheyare?”Thegoalofdevelopmentalpsycholo

8、gyistounderstandhownatureandnurturecombinetoproducehum